Rust基础-关于trait之二

DarcyZ_SSM

已于 2022-04-24 22:09:53 修改

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分类专栏： rust 文章标签： rust

于 2022-04-21 15:28:29 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/DarcyZ_SSM/article/details/124320689

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Rust基础-关于trait之一_DarcyZ_SSM的博客-CSDN博客

上一篇写的比较乱一点，仅介绍了一些trait的常用用法，本篇整理一下。

trait的使用方式：

1、静态派发

struct Women;
impl Sound for Women {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Harder!"
    }
}
fn shout_static<G: Sound>(g: G) {
    println!("{}", g.shout());
}
shout_static(Women);

2、动态派发

struct Women;
impl Sound for Women {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Harder!"
    }
}
fn shout_dynamic(g: Box<dyn Sound>) {
    println!("{}", g.shout());
}
shout_dynamic(Box::new(Women));

3、impl trait

struct Women;
impl Sound for Women {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Harder!"
    }
}
fn shout_impl(g: impl Sound) {
    println!("{}", g.shout());
}
shout_impl(Women);

4、关联类型：是 trait 定义中的类型占位符。定义的时候，并不定义它的具体的类型是什么。在实现的时候，才知道它的具体类型是什么。

struct Women;
struct Girl;
impl Sound for Women {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Harder!"
    }
}
impl Sound for Girl {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Slow down!"
    }
}
trait Convert{
    type Tp;    //关联类型
    fn to_girl(&self)->Self::Tp;
}

impl Convert for Women{
    type Tp=Girl;
    fn to_girl(&self)->Self::Tp{
       Girl
    }
}
 let f=Women;
println!("{}",f.to_girl().shout());

5、泛型

struct Women;
struct Alien;
impl Sound for Women {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Harder!"
    }
}
impl Sound for Alien{
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Bili Bili!"
    }
}
trait  Convert2<T> {
    fn to_alien(&self)->Option<T>;//泛型
    
}

impl Convert2<Alien> for Women{
    fn to_alien(&self)->Option<Alien>{
        Some(Alien)
    }
}
 let f=Women;
 println!("{}",f.to_alien().unwrap().shout());

下面是完整代码：

struct Women;
struct Girl;
struct Alien;
trait Sound {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str;
}
impl Sound for Women {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Harder!"
    }
}
impl Sound for Girl {
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Slow down!"
    }
}
impl Sound for Alien{
    fn shout(&self) -> &str {
        "Bili Bili!"
    }
}

trait Convert{
    type Tp;    //关联类型
    fn to_girl(&self)->Self::Tp;
}

trait  Convert2<T> {
    fn to_alien(&self)->Option<T>;//泛型
    
}
impl Convert for Women{
    type Tp=Girl;
    fn to_girl(&self)->Self::Tp{
       Girl
    }
}
impl Convert for Girl{
    type Tp=Women;
    fn to_girl(&self)->Self::Tp{
       Women
    }
}
impl Convert2<Alien> for Women{
    fn to_alien(&self)->Option<Alien>{
        Some(Alien)
    }
}
//静态派发
fn shout_static<G: Sound>(g: G) {
    println!("{}", g.shout());
}
//动态派发
fn shout_dynamic(g: Box<dyn Sound>) {
    println!("{}", g.shout());
}
//impl trait可以用在函数参数与返回值。
fn shout_impl(g: impl Sound) {
    println!("{}", g.shout());
}
fn main() {
    shout_static(Women);
    shout_dynamic(Box::new(Women));
    shout_impl(Women);
    let f=Women;
    println!("{}",f.to_girl().shout());
    println!("{}",f.to_alien().unwrap().shout());
   
}

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