JAVA开发基础知识：解析并创建XML文件和Java的反射

一、解析并创建xml文件

在使用Struts2框架时，在web.xml和struts.xml中都有xml代码，xml代码的主要作用就是配置，那在java中如何读取xml中的内容呢？

创建XmlAndReflect的Java项目，在项目中引入dom4j-1.6.1.jar文件，创建struts.xml文件，代码如下。

<mymvc>
	<actions>
		<action name="list" class="controller.List">
			<result name="toListJSP">
			</result>
			<result name="toShowUserinfoList" type="redirect">
				showUserinfoList.ghy
			</result>
		</action>
		
		<action name="showUserinfoList" class="controller.ShowUserinfoList">
			<result name="toShowUserinfoListJSP">
				/showUserinfoList.jsp
			</result>
		</action>
	</actions>
</mymvc>

创建Reader.java类，代码如下：

程序运行后的结果如下图：

上面我们读取并解析了xml文件，那如何创建xml文件呢？

创建Java类Writer.java代码如下。

package com.xml.test;

import java.io.FileWriter;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

public class Writer {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

	try{
		Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
		Element mymvcElement = document.addElement("mymvc");
		Element actionsElement = mymvcElement.addElement("actions");
		
		Element listActionElement = actionsElement.addElement("action");
		listActionElement.addAttribute("name", "list");
		listActionElement.addAttribute("class", "controller.List");
		
		Element toListJSPResultElemnt = listActionElement.addElement("result");
		toListJSPResultElemnt.addAttribute("name", "toListJSP");
		toListJSPResultElemnt.setText("/list.jsp");
		
		Element toShowUserinfoListResultElement = listActionElement.addElement("result");
		toShowUserinfoListResultElement.addAttribute("name", "toShowUserinfoList");
		toShowUserinfoListResultElement.addAttribute("type","redirect");
		toShowUserinfoListResultElement.setText("showUserinfoList.ghy");
		
		Element showUserinfoListActionElement = actionsElement.addElement("action");
		showUserinfoListActionElement.addAttribute("name", "showUserinfoList");
		showUserinfoListActionElement.addAttribute("class", "controller.ShowUserinfoList");
		
		Element toShowUserinfoListJSPResultElement = showUserinfoListActionElement.addElement("result");
		toShowUserinfoListJSPResultElement.setText("/showUserinfoList.jsp");
		
		OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
		XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter("ghy.xml"),format);
		writer.write(document);
		writer.close();
	}catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行程序后，在当前项目中创建了名为ghy.xml的文件，文件内容如下：

二、Java的反射

反射技术可以对对象中的内容进行动态访问，在开发底层框架时经常使用到。

创建测试用的实体类Userinfo.java,代码如下。

package com.xml.test;

import java.util.Date;

public class Userinfo {

	private int id;
	private String username;
	private String password;
	private int age;
	private Date insertDate;
	
	public Userinfo(int id,String username,String password,int age){
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.username = username;
		this.password = password;
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public Userinfo(){
		super();
		id=100;
		username = "DaveBobo";
		password = "123456";
		age = 20;
		insertDate = new Date();
	}
	
	public Userinfo(int id,String username,String password,int age,Date insertDate){
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.username = username;
		this.password = password;
		this.age = age;
		this.insertDate = insertDate;
	}
	
	public String printDate(){
		System.out.println("调用了printDate()无参方法！");
		return "DaveBobo";
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Date getInsertDate() {
		return insertDate;
	}

	public void setInsertDate(Date insertDate) {
		this.insertDate = insertDate;
	}
}

创建运行类Run.Java的代码如下：

package com.reflect.test;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Run {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		try{
			//用3种方式获得Userinfo类的Class对象
			Class<?>classRef1 = Class.forName("com.reflect.test.Userinfo");
			Class<?>classRef2 = new Userinfo().getClass();
			Class<?>classRef3 = Userinfo.class;
			System.out.println("证明获取的类名称一模一样："+classRef1.getName()+
				"--"+classRef2.getName()+"--"+classRef3.getName());
			
			//使用Class类的newInstance()方法实例化Userinfo对象
			Class<?>classRef = Userinfo.class.getClassLoader().loadClass("com.reflect.test.Userinfo");
			Userinfo userinfoRef = (Userinfo)classRef.newInstance();
			System.out.println("使用Class类的newInstance()方法调用无参的构造函数产生的默认值：id="
								+userinfoRef.getId()+"username="
								+userinfoRef.getUsername()+"password="
								+userinfoRef.getPassword()+"age="
								+userinfoRef.getAge()+"insertDate="
								+userinfoRef.getInsertDate());
			
			//使用Constructor类的newInstance()方法实例化Userinfo对象
			Constructor<?> constructorUserinfo1 = classRef.getDeclaredConstructor(null);
			Userinfo userinfoRef1 = (Userinfo)constructorUserinfo1.newInstance(null);
			System.out.println("使用Constructor类的newInstance()调用无参的构造函数产生的默认值：id="
								+userinfoRef1.getId()+"username="
								+userinfoRef1.getUsername()+"password="
								+userinfoRef1.getUsername()+"age="
								+userinfoRef1.getAge()+"insertDate="
								+userinfoRef1.getInsertDate());
			
			//使用Constructor类的newInstance()方法实例化Userinfo对象
			Constructor<?> constructorUserinfo2 = classRef.getConstructor(
					int.class,String.class,String.class,int.class);
			Userinfo userinfoRef2 = (Userinfo)constructorUserinfo2.newInstance(10,"DaveBobo","123456",20);
			System.out.println("使用Constructor类的newInstance()方法调用有参的构造函数产生的默认值：id="
								+userinfoRef2.getId()+"username="
								+userinfoRef2.getUsername()+"password="
								+userinfoRef2.getPassword()+"age="
								+userinfoRef2.getAge());
			System.out.println("打印通过反射对属性进行赋值的password："+userinfoRef2.getPassword());
			
			//对无参方法进行反射调用
			Method methodPrintDate = classRef.getDeclaredMethod("printDate");
			System.out.println(methodPrintDate.invoke(userinfoRef));
			
		}catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

程序运行结果如下所示。

证明获取的类名称一模一样：com.reflect.test.Userinfo--com.reflect.test.Userinfo--com.reflect.test.Userinfo
使用Class类的newInstance()方法调用无参的构造函数产生的默认值：id=100username=DaveBobopassword=123456age=20insertDate=Sun Oct 23 21:45:24 CST 2016
使用Constructor类的newInstance()调用无参的构造函数产生的默认值：id=100username=DaveBobopassword=DaveBoboage=20insertDate=Sun Oct 23 21:45:25 CST 2016
使用Constructor类的newInstance()方法调用有参的构造函数产生的默认值：id=10username=DaveBobopassword=123456age=20
打印通过反射对属性进行赋值的password：123456
调用了printDate()无参方法！
DaveBobo