1-Introduction

Part 1:welcome

Examples:

• Database Mining : Large datasets from growth of automation/web.
  E.g. ,Web click data, medical records, biology, engineering

• Applications can’t program by hand
  E.g. ,Autonomous helicopter, handwriting recognition, most of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision.

• Self-customizing programs
  E.g. ,Amazon, Netflix(一家在线影片租赁提供商) product recommendations

• Understanding human learning (brain, real AI).

Part 2:What’s Machine Learning

1.By Arthur Samuel :

Machine Learning : Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

• Example: checkers(国际象棋) learning program

2.By Tom Mitchell :

Well-posed Learning Problem : A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and some performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.

• Example: Email anti-spam Classify Program

3. Machine Learning Algorithms:

• Supervised learning 有监督学习
• Unsupervised learning 无监督学习
• Others: Reinforcement learning(增强学习)、Recommender systems 推荐系统

Part 3: Supervised Learning

• the “right answers” of * data set* were given.(数据集已经给出了分类，为每一个数据打了标签)
• Regression（回归问题）: Predict continuous valued output
  E.g. : Classification（分类问题）
  
  • Breast cancer prediction:malignant or benign(only one feature: Tumor size)
  • Two feature: Age and Tumor size,
  • ….
  • infinite feature : Support Vector Machine

Part 4:Unsupervised Learning

Doesn’t have any labels or that all has the same label or really no labels.(只有数据，没有标签)

• Clustering(聚类问题)
  
  • 新闻分类、基因分类
  • 处理器集群聚类、社会关系分析
  • Market segmentation、Astronomical data analysis

• Coktail party problem
  将混合的两种声音分离开来，用C++、Java等实现起来非常复杂，但是用Octave只需一行代码:

  [W,s,v] = svd((repmat(sum(x.*x,1),size(x,1),1).*x)*x');