C# 根据文件类型获取文件图标
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Microsoft.Win32;
using System.Drawing;
namespace
FileTypeAndIcon
{
/// <summary>
/// Structure that encapsulates basic information of icon embedded in a file.
/// </summary>
public struct EmbeddedIconInfo
{
public string FileName;
public int IconIndex;
}
public class Registered
FileType
{
#region APIs
[DllImport("shell32.dll", EntryPoint = "ExtractIconA", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]
private static extern IntPtr ExtractIcon(int hInst, string lpszExeFileName, int nIconIndex);
[DllImport("shell32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern uint ExtractIconEx(string szFileName, int nIconIndex, IntPtr[] phiconLarge, IntPtr[] phiconSmall, uint nIcons);
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "DestroyIcon", SetLastError = true)]
private static unsafe extern int DestroyIcon(IntPtr hIcon);
#endregion
#region CORE METHODS
/// <summary>
/// Gets registered file types and their associated icon in the system.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Returns a hash table which contains the file extension as keys, the icon file and param as values.</returns>
public static Hashtable Get
FileTypeAndIcon()
{
try
{
// Create a registry key object to represent the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT registry section
RegistryKey rkRoot = Registry.ClassesRoot;
//Gets all sub keys' names.
string[] keyNames = rkRoot.GetSubKeyNames();
Hashtable iconsInfo = new Hashtable();
//Find the file icon.
foreach (string keyName in keyNames)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(keyName))
continue;
int indexOfPoint = keyName.IndexOf(".");
//If this key is not a file exttension(eg, .zip), skip it.
if (indexOfPoint != 0)
continue;
RegistryKey rk
FileType = rkRoot.OpenSubKey(keyName);
if (rk
FileType == null)
continue;
//Gets the default value of this key that contains the information of file type.
object defaultValue = rk
FileType.GetValue("");
if (defaultValue == null)
continue;
//Go to the key that specifies the default icon associates with this file type.
string defaultIcon = defaultValue.ToString() + "\\DefaultIcon";
RegistryKey rkFileIcon = rkRoot.OpenSubKey(defaultIcon);
if (rkFileIcon != null)
{
//Get the file contains the icon and the index of the icon in that file.
object value = rkFileIcon.GetValue("");
if (value != null)
{
//Clear all unecessary " sign in the string to avoid error.
string fileParam = value.ToString().Replace("\"", "");
iconsInfo.Add(keyName, fileParam);
}
rkFileIcon.Close();
}
rk
FileType.Close();
}
rkRoot.Close();
return iconsInfo;
}
catch (Exception exc)
{
throw exc;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Extract the icon from file.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileAndParam">The params string,
/// such as ex: "C:\\Program Files\\NetMeeting\\conf.exe,1".</param>
/// <returns>This method always returns the large size of the icon (may be 32x32 px).</returns>
public static Icon ExtractIconFromFile(string fileAndParam)
{
try
{
EmbeddedIconInfo embeddedIcon = getEmbeddedIconInfo(fileAndParam);
//Gets the handle of the icon.
IntPtr lIcon = ExtractIcon(0, embeddedIcon.FileName, embeddedIcon.IconIndex);
//Gets the real icon.
return Icon.FromHandle(lIcon);
}
catch (Exception exc)
{
throw exc;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Extract the icon from file.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileAndParam">The params string,
/// such as ex: "C:\\Program Files\\NetMeeting\\conf.exe,1".</param>
/// <param name="isLarge">
/// Determines the returned icon is a large (may be 32x32 px)
/// or small icon (16x16 px).</param>
public static Icon ExtractIconFromFile(string fileAndParam, bool isLarge)
{
unsafe
{
uint readIconCount = 0;
IntPtr[] hDummy = new IntPtr[1] { IntPtr.Zero };
IntPtr[] hIconEx = new IntPtr[1] { IntPtr.Zero };
try
{
EmbeddedIconInfo embeddedIcon = getEmbeddedIconInfo(fileAndParam);
if (isLarge)
readIconCount = ExtractIconEx(embeddedIcon.FileName, 0, hIconEx, hDummy, 1);
else
readIconCount = ExtractIconEx(embeddedIcon.FileName, 0, hDummy, hIconEx, 1);
if (readIconCount > 0 && hIconEx[0] != IntPtr.Zero)
{
// Get first icon.
Icon extractedIcon = (Icon)Icon.FromHandle(hIconEx[0]).Clone();
return extractedIcon;
}
else // No icon read
return null;
}
catch (Exception exc)
{
// Extract icon error.
throw new ApplicationException("Could not extract icon", exc);
}
finally
{
// Release resources.
foreach (IntPtr ptr in hIconEx)
if (ptr != IntPtr.Zero)
DestroyIcon(ptr);
foreach (IntPtr ptr in hDummy)
if (ptr != IntPtr.Zero)
DestroyIcon(ptr);
}
}
}
#endregion
#region UTILITY METHODS
/// <summary>
/// Parses the parameters string to the structure of EmbeddedIconInfo.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileAndParam">The params string,
/// such as ex: "C:\\Program Files\\NetMeeting\\conf.exe,1".</param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected static EmbeddedIconInfo getEmbeddedIconInfo(string fileAndParam)
{
EmbeddedIconInfo embeddedIcon = new EmbeddedIconInfo();
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fileAndParam))
return embeddedIcon;
//Use to store the file contains icon.
string fileName = String.Empty;
//The index of the icon in the file.
int iconIndex = 0;
string iconIndexString = String.Empty;
int commaIndex = fileAndParam.IndexOf(",");
//if fileAndParam is some thing likes that: "C:\\Program Files\\NetMeeting\\conf.exe,1".
if (commaIndex > 0)
{
fileName = fileAndParam.Substring(0, commaIndex);
iconIndexString = fileAndParam.Substring(commaIndex + 1);
}
else
fileName = fileAndParam;
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(iconIndexString))
{
//Get the index of icon.
iconIndex = int.Parse(iconIndexString);
if (iconIndex < 0)
iconIndex = 0; //To avoid the invalid index.
}
embeddedIcon.FileName = fileName;
embeddedIcon.IconIndex = iconIndex;
return embeddedIcon;
}
#endregion
}
}
Filetype指令在编程中用于识别文件类型和扩展名，有助于根据文件类型执行相应操作。本文以Python、JavaScript和C#为例，展示了如何使用Filetype指令及其相关函数获取文件扩展名，并强调了Filetype指令仅提供类型信息，获取文件内容还需其他方法。
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