linux时间片轮转小程序

王涵宇 原创作品转载请注明出处  《Linux内核分析》MOOC课程  http://mooc.study.163.com/course/USTC-1000029000

1.

一个简化了的时间片轮转程序，先运行实验楼linux自带的时间片轮转程序，结果如下：

2.代码

mymain.c

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/mymain.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_start_kernel
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];	//pcb数组
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;//指向pcb的指针
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;//是否需要调度

void my_process(void);

//进程的层次结构PCB->thread->ip,sp,每一个线程有自己的栈，程序入口my_process
//task数组记录了N个线程结构体，入口是myprocess

void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
	//0号进程的初始化
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */	//状态：正在运行
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;//起点是进程函数
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];//栈顶是定义的stack
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];//指针指向自己，因为启动时候没有其他进程
    /*fork more process */	//创建更多的进程
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));	//把0号进程的状态赋值N个
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;//进程不运行
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];//每个进程有自己的堆栈
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];//新fork的进程加到列表尾部
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
	//0号进程开始执行
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
	//保存上一个eip,到新的eip执行
	asm volatile(
    	"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" 	/* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */ 
    	"pushl %1\n\t" 	        /* push ebp */	//由于esp=ebp的原因，相当于push ebp
    	"pushl %0\n\t" 	        /* push task[pid].thread.ip */ //把当前eip压栈
    	"ret\n\t" 	            /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
    	"popl %%ebp\n\t"
    	: 
    	: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)	/* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
	);
}   
void my_process(void)//函数
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)//一千万次打印一次
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)//判定条件符合，执行my_schedule
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
        	    my_schedule();
        	}
        	printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
    }
}

myinterrupt.c

/*
 *  linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
 *
 *  Kernel internal my_timer_handler
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2013  Mengning
 *
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    } 
    time_count ++ ;  
#endif
    return;  	
}

void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;

	//有问题
    if(my_current_task == NULL 
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
    	return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;//当前进程的下一个进程
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */	//当前进程正在执行，切换到下一个进程
    {
    	/* switch to next process */	//进程切换关键代码
    	asm volatile(	
        	"pushl %%ebp\n\t" 	    /* save ebp */
        	"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" 	/* save esp */
        	"movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
        	"movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */	
        	"pushl %3\n\t" 
        	"ret\n\t" 	            /* restore  eip */
        	"1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
        	"popl %%ebp\n\t"
        	: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        	: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    	); 
    	my_current_task = next; 
    	printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);   	
    }
    else
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;//此进程作为当前正在执行的进程
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
    	/* switch to new process */
    	asm volatile(	
        	"pushl %%ebp\n\t" 	    /* save ebp */
        	"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" 	/* save esp */
        	"movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
        	"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
        	"movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */	
        	"pushl %3\n\t" 			//保存程序入口
        	"ret\n\t" 	            /* restore  eip */
        	: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        	: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
    	);          
    }   
    return;	
}

3.分析

4.总结：

通过代码能够得到时间片轮转的成功原因:

a.通过栈保存上下文信息;

b.ret指令弹出栈存储的ip（程序入口）到eip寄存器，使得程序能顺利拿到下一条指令

c.得益于pcb结构体通过指针相连

d.state记录状态，-1表示不可运行，0表示可以运行