matplotlib入门2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 50)
y = 2*x + 1

plt.figure(num=1, figsize=(4,5))
plt.plot(x,y,)

ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')

ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))

1、在图片中添加注解

1. 添加点

x0 = 1
y0 = 2*x0 + 1
plt.scatter(x0, y0, s=50, color='b')

2. 添加虚线

k--: k代表黑色， --虚线样式
lw：线宽度
（x0,0）--（x0,y0）生成虚线

plt.plot([x0,x0],[y0,0],'k--',lw=2.5)

3.添加注解

• 2x+1=y0
• xycoords:基于data的xy这个点
• xytext:文字描述--位置
• textcoords： xytext基于这个
• arrowprops: 方向线
• arrowstyle，connectionstyle：箭头样式、弧度

plt.annotate(r'$2x+1=%s$'% y0,
             xy=(x0,y0),xycoords='data',
             xytext=(+30,-30),textcoords='offset points',
             fontsize=16,
             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=0.2'))

4.给字体定义颜色

• _i: 角标i
• _t: 角标t

plt.text(-3.7, 3, r'$li\ hua.\ \mu\sigma_i\ \alpha_t$',
         fontdict={
             'size':12,
             'color':'red',
         })

5.在图片数据量多的时候，处理坐标轴挡住的数据，显示出来

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 50)
y = 0.1*x

plt.figure()
plt.plot(x,y,linewidth=10)
plt.ylim(-2,2)


ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')

ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))

把坐标轴数值的label取出来，单个设置数据

for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(13)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='white',edgecolor='None',alpha=0.65))
     <!--
        # set_bbox：把背景呈现出来(label后面的框)
        # facecolor:前面的颜色
        # edgecolor: 框的边，不显示
    -->

plt.show()

6.柱状图

堆叠柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 设置颜色 fc
# 设置标签  tick_label
# 堆叠柱状图

name_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e','f']
num_list = [1.5, 0.5, 2, 7.8, 5, 1]

# 堆叠柱状图
num_list1 = [1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3]
plt.bar(range(len(num_list)), num_list,fc='#ff9999',label='boy',tick_label=name_list)
plt.bar(range(len(num_list1)),num_list1, bottom=num_list, label='girl')

plt.legend()

plt.show()

并列柱状图

name_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
num_list = [1.5, 0.3, 2, 7]
num_list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]

x = list(range(len(num_list)))
total_width, n = 0.5, 2
width = total_width / n


plt.bar(x, num_list, width=width, label='A', fc='y')

<!--# 把b图的x坐标延后了a的宽度-->
for i in range(len(x)):
    x[i] = x[i] + width
    
plt.bar(x, num_list1,width=width, label='B', tick_label=num_list, fc='r')

plt.legend()
plt.show()

条形柱状图

plt.barh(range(len(name_list)), num_list, tick_label = name_list)