poj 1422 Air Raid 有向无环图的最小路径覆盖

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Air Raid

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 6211		Accepted: 3718

Description

Consider a town where all the streets are one-way and each street leads from one intersection to another. It is also known that starting from an intersection and walking through town's streets you can never reach the same intersection i.e. the town's streets form no cycles. 

With these assumptions your task is to write a program that finds the minimum number of paratroopers that can descend on the town and visit all the intersections of this town in such a way that more than one paratrooper visits no intersection. Each paratrooper lands at an intersection and can visit other intersections following the town streets. There are no restrictions about the starting intersection for each paratrooper. 

Input

Your program should read sets of data. The first line of the input file contains the number of the data sets. Each data set specifies the structure of a town and has the format: 

no_of_intersections 
no_of_streets 
S1 E1 
S2 E2 
...... 
Sno_of_streets Eno_of_streets 

The first line of each data set contains a positive integer no_of_intersections (greater than 0 and less or equal to 120), which is the number of intersections in the town. The second line contains a positive integer no_of_streets, which is the number of streets in the town. The next no_of_streets lines, one for each street in the town, are randomly ordered and represent the town's streets. The line corresponding to street k (k <= no_of_streets) consists of two positive integers, separated by one blank: Sk (1 <= Sk <= no_of_intersections) - the number of the intersection that is the start of the street, and Ek (1 <= Ek <= no_of_intersections) - the number of the intersection that is the end of the street. Intersections are represented by integers from 1 to no_of_intersections. 

There are no blank lines between consecutive sets of data. Input data are correct. 

Output

The result of the program is on standard output. For each input data set the program prints on a single line, starting from the beginning of the line, one integer: the minimum number of paratroopers required to visit all the intersections in the town. 

Sample Input

2
4
3
3 4
1 3
2 3
3
3
1 3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output

2
1

Source

Dhaka 2002

在一个有向无环图里面，从一些顶点出发，能遍历图中所有的顶点，要求初始选择的顶点数最少且不重复遍历。

从某个顶点的开始遍历的过程可以看成是路径的选取，那么问题就转换成在有向无环图中找出最少的不相交的简单路径，这些路径覆盖图中所有的点。这也就是求最小路径覆盖问题。在有向无环图中，最小路径覆盖=节点数--二分图最大匹配数。

样例2转换成二分匹配图是这样的。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define M 207
int g[M][M],link[M];
bool vis[M];
int n,m;
bool find(int i)
{
    for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
        if(g[i][j]&&!vis[j])
        {
            vis[j]=true;
            if(link[j]==0||find(link[j]))
            {
                link[j]=i;
                return true;
            }

        }
    return false;
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        memset(g,0,sizeof(g));
        memset(link,0,sizeof(link));
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        int u,v;
        while(m--)
        {
            scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
            g[u][v]=1;
        }
        int count=0;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            memset(vis,false,sizeof(vis));
            if(find(i))count++;
        }
        printf("%d\n",n-count);
    }
    return 0;
}