演示单个客户端与服务器单次通信
需求：客户端连接服务器，连接成功后给服务发送“lalala”，服务器收到消息后，给客户端返回“欢迎登录”，客户端接收消息后，断开连接
1、服务器端示例代码
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//1、准备一个ServerSocket对象，并绑定8888端口
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);
System.out.println("等待连接....");
//2、在8888端口监听客户端的连接，该方法是个阻塞的方法，如果没有客户端连接，将一直等待
Socket socket = server.accept();
InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress();
System.out.println(inetAddress.getHostAddress() + "客户端连接成功！！");
//3、获取输入流，用来接收该客户端发送给服务器的数据
InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
//接收数据
byte[] data = new byte[1024];
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
int len;
while ((len = input.read(data)) != -1) {
s.append(new String(data, 0, len));
}
System.out.println(inetAddress.getHostAddress() + "客户端发送的消息是：" + s);
//4、获取输出流，用来发送数据给该客户端
OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
//发送数据
out.write("欢迎登录".getBytes());
out.flush();
//5、关闭socket，不再与该客户端通信
//socket关闭，意味着InputStream和OutputStream也关闭了
socket.close();
//6、如果不再接收任何客户端通信，可以关闭ServerSocket
server.close();
}
}
2、客户端示例代码
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1、准备Socket，连接服务器，需要指定服务器的IP地址和端口号
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
// 2、获取输出流，用来发送数据给服务器
OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
// 发送数据
out.write("lalala".getBytes());
//会在流末尾写入一个“流的末尾”标记，对方才能读到-1，否则对方的读取方法会一致阻塞
socket.shutdownOutput();
//3、获取输入流，用来接收服务器发送给该客户端的数据
InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
// 接收数据
byte[] data = new byte[1024];
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
int len;
while ((len = input.read(data)) != -1) {
s.append(new String(data, 0, len));
}
System.out.println("服务器返回的消息是：" + s);
//4、关闭socket，不再与服务器通信，即断开与服务器的连接
//socket关闭，意味着InputStream和OutputStream也关闭了
socket.close();
}
}
演示多个客户端与服务器之间的多次通信
1、服务器端示例代码
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1、准备一个ServerSocket
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8888);
System.out.println("等待连接...");
int count = 0;
while(true){
// 2、监听一个客户端的连接
Socket socket = server.accept();
System.out.println("第" + ++count + "个客户端"+socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"连接成功！！");
ClientHandlerThread ct = new ClientHandlerThread(socket);
ct.start();
}
//这里没有关闭server，永远监听
}
static class ClientHandlerThread extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
private String ip;
public ClientHandlerThread(Socket socket) {
super();
this.socket = socket;
ip = socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
}
public void run(){
try{
//（1）获取输入流，用来接收该客户端发送给服务器的数据
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
//（2）获取输出流，用来发送数据给该客户端
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
String str;
// （3）接收数据
while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
//（4）反转
StringBuilder word = new StringBuilder(str);
word.reverse();
//（5）返回给客户端
ps.println(word);
}
System.out.println("客户端" + ip+"正常退出");
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("客户端" + ip+"意外退出");
}finally{
try {
//（6）断开连接
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
2、客户端示例代码
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1、准备Socket，连接服务器，需要指定服务器的IP地址和端口号
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
// 2、获取输出流，用来发送数据给服务器
OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(out);
// 3、获取输入流，用来接收服务器发送给该客户端的数据
InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br;
if(args!= null && args.length>0) {
String encoding = args[0];
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input,encoding));
}else{
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input));
}
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true){
System.out.println("输入发送给服务器的单词或成语：");
String message = scanner.nextLine();
if(message.equals("stop")){
socket.shutdownOutput();
break;
}
// 4、 发送数据
ps.println(message);
// 接收数据
String feedback = br.readLine();
System.out.println("从服务器收到的反馈是：" + feedback);
}
//5、关闭socket，断开与服务器的连接
scanner.close();
socket.close();
}
}
案例：聊天室
服务端：
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TestChatServer {
//这个集合用来存储所有在线的客户端
static ArrayList<Socket> online = new ArrayList<Socket>();
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//1、启动服务器，绑定端口号
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(8989);
//2、接收n多的客户端同时连接
while(true){
Socket accept = server.accept();
online.add(accept);//把新连接的客户端添加到online列表中
MessageHandler mh = new MessageHandler(accept);
mh.start();//
}
}
static class MessageHandler extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
private String ip;
public MessageHandler(Socket socket) {
super();
this.socket = socket;
}
public void run(){
try {
ip = socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
//插入：给其他客户端转发“我上线了”
sendToOther(ip+"上线了");
//(1)接收该客户端的发送的消息
InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(input);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
String str;
while((str = br.readLine())!=null){
//(2)给其他在线客户端转发
sendToOther(ip+":"+str);
}
sendToOther(ip+"下线了");
} catch (IOException e) {
try {
sendToOther(ip+"掉线了");
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}finally{
//从在线人员中移除我
online.remove(socket);
}
}
//封装一个方法：给其他客户端转发xxx消息
public void sendToOther(String message) throws IOException{
//遍历所有的在线客户端，一一转发
for (Socket on : online) {
OutputStream every = on.getOutputStream();
//为什么用PrintStream？目的用它的println方法，按行打印
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(every);
ps.println(message);
}
}
}
}
客户端：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestChatClient {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//1、连接服务器
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8989);
//2、开启两个线程
//(1)一个线程负责看别人聊，即接收服务器转发的消息
Receive receive = new Receive(socket);
receive.start();
//(2)一个线程负责发送自己的话
Send send = new Send(socket);
send.start();
send.join();//等我发送线程结束了，才结束整个程序
socket.close();
}
}
class Send extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
public Send(Socket socket) {
super();
this.socket = socket;
}
public void run(){
try {
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//按行打印
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(outputStream);
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
//从键盘不断的输入自己的话，给服务器发送，由服务器给其他人转发
while(true){
System.out.print("自己的话：");
String str = input.nextLine();
if("bye".equals(str)){
break;
}
ps.println(str);
}
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Receive extends Thread{
private Socket socket;
public Receive(Socket socket) {
super();
this.socket = socket;
}
public void run(){
try {
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
Scanner input = new Scanner(inputStream);
while(input.hasNextLine()){
String line = input.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
UDP网络编程
举例1：
发送端：
DatagramSocket ds = null;
try {
ds = new DatagramSocket();
byte[] by = "hello,atguigu.com".getBytes();
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(by, 0, by.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 10000);
ds.send(dp);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (ds != null)
ds.close();
}
接收端：
DatagramSocket ds = null;
try {
ds = new DatagramSocket(10000);
byte[] by = new byte[1024*64];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(by, by.length);
ds.receive(dp);
String str = new String(dp.getData(), 0, dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str + "--" + dp.getAddress());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (ds != null)
ds.close();
}
举例2：
发送端：
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Send {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
// 1、建立发送端的DatagramSocket
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
//要发送的数据
ArrayList<String> all = new ArrayList<String>();
all.add("尚硅谷让天下没有难学的技术！");
all.add("学高端前沿的IT技术来");
all.add("让你的梦想变得更具体！");
all.add("让你的努力更有价值！");
//接收方的IP地址
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//接收方的监听端口号
int port = 9999;
//发送多个数据报
for (int i = 0; i < all.size(); i++) {
// 2、建立数据包DatagramPacket
byte[] data = all.get(i).getBytes();
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, ip, port);
// 3、调用Socket的发送方法
ds.send(dp);
}
// 4、关闭Socket
ds.close();
}
}
接收端：
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1、建立接收端的DatagramSocket，需要指定本端的监听端口号
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(9999);
//一直监听数据
while(true){
//2、建立数据包DatagramPacket
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*64];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
//3、调用Socket的接收方法
ds.receive(dp);
//4、拆封数据
String str = new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str);
}
// ds.close();
}
}
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