如图错误:
yg@ubuntu:~$ su
密码:
su:认证失败
yg@ubuntu:~$ su passwd root
没有用户“passwd”的密码项
yg@ubuntu:~$ sudo passwd root
[sudo] yg 的密码:
输入新的 UNIX 密码:
重新输入新的 UNIX 密码:
passwd:已成功更新密码
yg@ubuntu:~$ su
密码:
root@ubuntu:/home/yg#
原因及解决办法:
linux su认证失败
Ubuntu安装后,root用户默认是被锁定了的,不允许登录,也不允许 su 到 root ,可以通过更改root的密码来登录root。
su 切换root不行所以就用手动形式进行改密码切换。
sudo passwd root
password for ubuntu18:当前用户的密码
Enter new UNIX password:这个是root的密码
Retype new UNIX password:重复root的密码
之后就可以输入 su 登录到root用户了。
su : 切换到某某用户模式,提示输入密码时该密码为切换后账户的密码,用法为“su 账户名称”。
如果后面不加账户时系统默认为root账户,密码也为超级账户的密码。没有时间限制。
sudo : 暂时切换到超级用户模式以执行超级用户权限,提示输入密码时该密码为当前用户的密码,而不是超级账户的密码。
不过有时间限制,Ubuntu默认为一次时长15分钟。
20230816
Linux Ubuntu: 解决su认证失败问题
在Linux系统中,尤其是Ubuntu,可能会遇到切换到超级用户(也就是root用户)时出现的认证失败问题。以下将详细讨论解决此类问题的不同方法,并给出相关的命令和代码示例。
目录
- 问题背景
- 原因分析
- 解决方案
- 使用sudo
- 更改root密码
- 创建新的超级用户
- 技术投票
- 参考资料
问题背景
在Ubuntu或其他基于Debian的Linux发行版中,su
命令用于切换到不同的用户账户,包括超级用户(root)。然而,在尝试使用su
命令切换到root用户时,可能会遇到"Authentication failure"的错误。
su -
Password:
su: Authentication failure
这意味着无法切换到root用户,从而导致无法执行需要超级用户权限的任务。
原因分析
Ubuntu默认情况下,root账户被禁用,因此没有设置密码。由于这个原因,尝试使用su
命令并输入用户自己的密码切换到root用户,会返回“认证失败”。
解决方案
使用sudo
Ubuntu推荐使用sudo
命令代替直接使用root用户。在Ubuntu中,sudo
命令允许普通用户执行具有root权限的命令。例如,如果想要以root用户身份运行apt-get update
命令,可以这样做:
sudo apt-get update
首次运行sudo
命令时,系统会提示输入当前用户的密码。此后,在一段时间内(默认为15分钟)再次使用sudo
命令,将不再需要密码。
更改root密码
如果确实需要使用root账户,可以通过设置root密码来启用它。这可以通过以下步骤完成:
- 打开终端。
- 输入以下命令:
sudo passwd root
- 系统将提示输入新的UNIX密码。输入新的root密码,然后再次输入以确认。
现在,应该可以使用新设置的密码通过su
命令切换到root用户了。
su -
Password: <Enter the new root password>
创建新的超级用户
另一个选择是创建一个新的超级用户。这可以通过以下步骤完成:
- 打开终端。
- 输入以下命令创建一个新用户(替换
newuser
为你希望的用户名):
sudo adduser newuser
- 输入新用户的密码,然后再次输入以确认。
- 接下来,将新用户添加到
sudo
组,使其具有超级用户权限:
sudo usermod -aG sudo newuser
现在,可以使用新创建的超级用户执行需要root权限的命令。
参考资料
- Ubuntu Documentation, RootSudo. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo
- Stack Overflow, “su Authentication failure”. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33598753/su-authentication-failure
注意:在处理涉及管理员权限的问题时,务必谨慎行事。不正确的操作可能会导致系统不稳定或数据丢失。始终确保有适当的备份,并在可能的情况下,首先在非生产环境中测试任何更改。
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