本文详细介绍了TCP协议对应的SOCK_STREAM和UDP协议对应的SOCK_DGRAM在Socket编程中的特点和应用场景。SOCK_STREAM提供可靠的数据传输，基于TCP，适用于HTTP、FTP等需要保证数据完整性的应用；而SOCK_DGRAM无连接，基于UDP，适合VoIP、视频流等实时性要求高的场景，但可能丢失数据包。
sock_stream 是有保障的(即能保证数据正确传送到对方)面向连接的SOCKET，多用于资料(如文件)传送。
sock_dgram 是无保障的面向消息的socket ， 主要用于在网络上发广播信息。
SOCK_STREAM是基于TCP的，数据传输比较有保障。SOCK_DGRAM是基于UDP的，专门用于局域网，基于广播SOCK_STREAM 是数据流，一般是tcp/ip协议的编程，SOCK_DGRAM分是数据报，是udp协议网络编程
参考文章：SOCK_STREAM和SOCK_DGRAM两种类型的区别
文章目录
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SOCK_STREAM 和 SOCK_DGRAM 在 Socket 编程中的区别
在Socket编程中，我们经常会遇到两种主要的Socket类型：SOCK_STREAM和SOCK_DGRAM。这两者分别对应于两种不同的网络协议：TCP（传输控制协议）和UDP（用户数据报协议）。尽管它们都用于建立网络连接并发送接收数据，但其工作方式及适用场景有着显著的差异。
1. SOCK_STREAM
1.1 定义与特性
SOCK_STREAM是一种基于TCP的Socket类型。TCP是一个面向连接、可靠、基于字节流的传输层通信协议1。以下是SOCK_STREAM的主要特性：
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面向连接：TCP在数据传输之前需要建立连接。这意味着在数据开始传输之前，发送端和接收端将进行三次握手以建立连接。
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可靠性：TCP提供了数据包排序和错误检查机制，可以保证数据包按照发送顺序被接收，并且没有错误。
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基于字节流：TCP数据传输是连续的字节流，没有明确的边界。
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
1.2 使用场景
由于其高可靠性和稳定性，SOCK_STREAM广泛应用于需要确保数据完整无误传输的应用程序中，如HTTP、FTP、SMTP等。
2. SOCK_DGRAM
2.1 定义与特性
SOCK_DGRAM是一种基于UDP的Socket类型。UDP是一个面向消息、不可靠、无连接的传输层协议2。以下是SOCK_DGRAM的主要特性：
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无连接：UDP数据包在发送时不需要建立连接，可以直接发送。
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不可靠性：UDP不提供数据包排序和错误检查机制，因此可能出现数据包丢失或乱序的情况。
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面向消息：UDP数据传输是离散的数据包，每个数据包都有明确的边界。
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
2.2 使用场景
由于其低延迟性和高效率，SOCK_DGRAM广泛应用于对实时性要求高、允许部分数据包丢失的应用程序中，如VoIP、视频流、DNS查询等。
3. SOCK_STREAM vs SOCK_DGRAM
以下是SOCK_STREAM和SOCK_DGRAM的主要区别：
| 特性 | SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_DGRAM |
|---|---|---|
| 协议 | TCP | UDP |
| 连接 | 面向连接 | 无连接 |
| 可靠性 | 可靠 | 不可靠 |
| 数据传输方式 | 基于字节流 | 面向消息 |
结论
选择使用SOCK_STREAM还是SOCK_DGRAM取决于具体的应用需求。如果需要保证数据的可靠性和顺序，那么SOCK_STREAM是更好的选择。如果需要低延迟和高效率，那么SOCK_DGRAM可能更合适。
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