本文介绍了Linux系统中ip命令与ifconfig命令的功能与使用方法。ip命令作为新一代网络配置工具，相较于ifconfig命令提供了更多功能和灵活性，如管理路由表、策略路由规则等。本文还对比了两者在显示网络接口信息等方面的差异。
问：ip a是什么意思？
答：ip a是Linux系统中用于查看IP地址信息的命令。它可以显示本机的网络接口的信息，包括接口的状态、IP地址、子网掩码等。
问：linux ip命令与ifconfig命令有什么区别？
- ip命令比ifconfig更加强大，能够完成更多的IP路由网络管理任务，比如添加、删除、编辑路由表、查看网络接口信息等等。
- ifconfig只能用于管理Linux网络接口，而ip命令可以用于管理整个IP路由网络。
- ifconfig只能显示和设置接口的属性（例如IP地址，子网掩码，广播地址等），而ip命令可以显示和设置接口的所有属性，包括ARP缓存、链路层状态等。
- ifconfig只能显示当前活动的网络接口，而ip命令可以显示所有网络接口，包括禁用的接口。
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文章目录
Linux中的IP命令与ifconfig命令
在许多Linux系统和Unix-like系统中，ip和ifconfig是两个非常重要的网络配置命令。它们都能够用于查看和修改系统网络接口的设置。然而，这两个命令之间存在着一些关键的区别。
1. IP命令（ip a）
ip命令是新一代的网络配置工具，被设计用来替代传统的ifconfig命令。尽管ip命令在某些方面更为复杂，但它提供了更多功能和更大的灵活性。
1.1 IP命令基本语法和使用
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
其中OBJECT可以是：link, addr, addrlabel, route, rule, neigh, ntable, tunnel, maddr, mroute, monitor等。
查看所有网络接口的详细信息：
ip a
这将显示系统上每个网络接口的详细信息，包括其IP地址、子网掩码、MAC地址等。
1.2 IP命令的优点
ip命令提供了一种统一的方式来管理路由、设备、策略路由和隧道，而ifconfig无法处理这些任务。ip命令可以显示更多的网络设备属性，例如广播地址、MTU等。
2. ifconfig命令
ifconfig是一个早期用于配置网络接口的命令，现在已经逐渐被ip命令所取代。
2.1 ifconfig命令基本语法和使用
ifconfig [interface]
查看所有网络接口的详细信息：
ifconfig -a
这将显示系统上每个网络接口的详细信息，包括其IP地址、子网掩码、MAC地址等。
2.2 ifconfig命令的限制
ifconfig不会显示所有类型的接口，特别是那些没有分配IPv4地址的接口。ifconfig不能管理路由表和策略路由规则。
3. IP命令与ifconfig命令的比较
虽然ifconfig仍然被许多系统管理员和用户广泛使用，但是ip命令提供了更多的功能和更高的灵活性。如果你习惯使用ifconfig命令，可能需要花一些时间去学习ip命令的语法和使用方法，但这个过程是值得的，因为ip命令是目前最强大、最全面的网络配置工具。
参考文献：
- “ip-command in Linux with examples”, GeeksforGeeks. Link
- “How to Use the ip Command on Linux”, How-To Geek. Link
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