本文介绍了如何使用sysctl命令在Linux系统中查看和修改本地端口范围，包括基础的端口知识，如知名、注册和动态端口的划分，以及如何进行临时和永久的端口范围调整。这对于系统管理员确保服务可用性和优化资源分配至关重要。
可以使用 sysctl 命令来查看系统的端口范围。以下是查看系统的端口范围的命令：
sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
命令输出结果中的 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 表示系统的端口范围，例如：
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 60999
这个结果表示系统的端口范围是从 32768 到 60999，这个范围内的端口可以被应用程序使用。如果应用程序需要使用更多的端口，可以通过修改系统的配置文件来扩大端口范围。
示例：
我的ubuntu20.04虚拟机
文章目录
20230816
Linux下如何查看系统端口范围
Linux作为一个高效、安全且开源的操作系统，已经广泛应用在各种领域解和管理Linux系统的网络配置是每个系统管理员的必备技能。其中一个重要的网络配置就是本地端口范围。本篇文章将深入探讨如何在Linux下查看系统端口范围。
1. 端口和端口范围：基础知识
1.1 什么是端口？
端口是网络服务的一种抽象表示，它允许在同一主机上运行多个网络服务。每个端口都由一个唯一的端口号标识，这个端口号在IP地址之后指定，两者之间用冒号分隔。
192.0.2.1:80
在这个例子中，“80”就是端口号。
1.2 端口的范围
在Linux系统中，端口的范围从0到65535。这些端口被划分为三个类别：
- 知名端口（0 - 1023）
- 注册端口（1024 - 49151）
- 动态或私有端口（49152 - 65535）
2. 查看系统端口范围：sysctl命令
在Linux系统中，我们可以使用sysctl命令来获取当前的端口范围。这个命令通常用于读取/写入内核参数。
2.1 sysctl命令的基本使用
sysctl命令的基本语法如下：
sysctl [option]... [variable[=value]]...
你可以通过传递一个或多个变量名（可选的带值）给sysctl来查询或修改这些变量。
2.2 查看端口范围
要查看当前的端口范围，我们可以运行以下命令：
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
这将返回一个包含两个数字的列表，代表当前的最小和最大端口范围。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 60999
3. 修改系统端口范围
尽管默认的端口范围对大多数系统来说已经足够，但在某些情况下，你可能需要扩大或缩小这个范围。你可以使用sysctl命令来实现这一点。
3.1 临时修改端口范围
要临时修改端口范围，你可以运行以下命令：
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="20000 60000"
这将立即改变端口范围，但在重启后，这个设置将失效。
3.2 永久修改端口范围
要永久修改端口范围，你需要编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件，并添加以下行：
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 20000 60000
然后保存并关闭文件。要使更改生效，你需要运行以下命令：
sudo sysctl -p
参考资料
- Linux Documentation Project, The /proc Filesystem
- Red Hat Customer Portal, 18.2. Viewing and Modifying sysctl Variables
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