Matrix Chain Multiplication

Description

Suppose you have to evaluate an expression like A*B*C*D*E where A,B,C,D and E are matrices. Since matrix multiplication is associative, the order in which multiplications are performed is arbitrary. However, the number of elementary multiplications needed strongly depends on the evaluation order you choose.

For example, let A be a 50*10 matrix, B a 10*20 matrix and C a 20*5 matrix. There are two different strategies to compute A*B*C, namely (A*B)*C and A*(B*C).

The first one takes 15000 elementary multiplications, but the second one only 3500.

Your job is to write a program that determines the number of elementary multiplications needed for a given evaluation strategy.

Input Specification

Input consists of two parts: a list of matrices and a list of expressions.

The first line of the input file contains one integer n (  ), representing the number of matrices in the first part. The next n lines each contain one capital letter, specifying the name of the matrix, and two integers, specifying the number of rows and columns of the matrix.

The second part of the input file strictly adheres to the following syntax (given in EBNF):

SecondPart = Line { Line } <EOF>
Line       = Expression <CR>
Expression = Matrix | "(" Expression Expression ")"
Matrix     = "A" | "B" | "C" | ... | "X" | "Y" | "Z"

Output Specification

For each expression found in the second part of the input file, print one line containing the word "error" if evaluation of the expression leads to an error due to non-matching matrices. Otherwise print one line containing the number of elementary multiplications needed to evaluate the expression in the way specified by the parentheses.

Sample Input

9
A 50 10
B 10 20
C 20 5
D 30 35
E 35 15
F 15 5
G 5 10
H 10 20
I 20 25
A
B
C
(AA)
(AB)
(AC)
(A(BC))
((AB)C)
(((((DE)F)G)H)I)
(D(E(F(G(HI)))))
((D(EF))((GH)I))

Sample Output

0
0
0
error
10000
error
3500
15000
40500
47500
15125

一开始考虑复杂了，认为括号里面不一定是两个数。代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<cctype>
using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> VEC;
VEC f[28]; 

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		string a;
		int r,c;
		cin>>a>>r>>c;
		f[a[0]-'A'].push_back(r);
		f[a[0]-'A'].push_back(c); 
	}
	string s;
	while(cin>>s)
	{
		stack<VEC> mat; //栈的元素是vector 
		bool ok=true;
		int sum=0;
		for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
		{
			if(isalpha(s[i])) mat.push(f[s[i]-'A']);
			if(s[i]==')')
			{
				VEC fir,sec;
				fir=mat.top();mat.pop();
				sec=mat.top();
				if(fir[0]!=sec[1])
				{
					ok=false;
					break;
				}
				sum+=fir[0]*fir[1]*sec[0];
				sec[1]=fir[1];
				mat.top()=sec;
			}
		}
		if(ok) printf("%d\n",sum);
		else printf("error\n");
	}
	return 0;
}
第一遍写读入：A 10 20……的函数是这样写的：

for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		char a;
		int r,c;
		scanf("%c%d%d",&a,&r,&c);
		x=a-'A'; 
		f[x].push_back(r);
		f[x].push_back(c);
	}
运行时出错了，原因在于输入n之后我敲了回车，而回车也算是字符，被读入了。后来改成string就可以了，因为string是不读入回车符的。（字符真是让人头疼==）