java 中的jdbc的连接和使用

jdbc

导入驱动

//jar是已经打包好的class文件集，可以引用到其他工程中
//Build Path中add external jars导入

连接JDBC

1. 加载驱动
    1. Class.from("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

创建连接

1. //导包使用 java.sql.*；
2. String jdbc="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?user=root&password=&characterEncoding=utf-8";//student是表名
3. Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbc);

2. 注意 数据库打开之后一定要记得关。

1. conn.close();

1. 执行SQL语句 （创建表，插入，删除，更新）

使用Statemant
1. Statemant st = conn.createStatemant();
2. int row = st.executeUpdate(sql语句);//不能做查询操作。

使用PrepareStatement

可以使用？占位符来代替你需要传递的参数
1. String sql = "insert into " + TABLENAME
2. + "(name,subject,score) values(?,?,?)";
3. PrepareStatement pt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
4. //给每一位占位符设置值,下标从1开始
 5. pt.setString(1,score.getName());
6. pt.setString(2.score.getSubject());
7. pt.setDouble(3,score.getScore());
8. //使用无参的方法
9. pt.executeUpdate();

1. 查询操作

static List<Score> queryScore(Connection pconn, Score pScore)
            throws SQLException {
        ArrayList<Score> mlist = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "select  * from  " + TABLENAME + "  where name = ?";
        PreparedStatement ps = pconn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ps.setString(1, pScore.getName());
        ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

        while (rs.next()) {
            // 这里可以通过rs获取所有结果
            String subject = rs.getString("subject");
            int id = rs.getInt("id");
            double score = rs.getDouble("score");
            mlist.add(new Score(id, pScore.getName(), subject, score));
        }
        return mlist;
    }

下面是一个小程序

//建立数据库连接类
public class DAO {

    // 放问数据库的链接地址
    static String jdbc = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?user=root&password=&characterEncoding=utf-8";

    // 打开链接
    public static Connection connection() {
        // 使用JDBC的步骤
        // 1. 加载JDBC驱动
        try {
            // 类的全名 包名+类名
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            // 2. 连接数据库
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbc);
            return conn;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("驱动加载失败");
            return null;
        }
    }



}


//分数类
public class Score {

    String name;
    String id;
    String subject;
    double score;



    public Score(String name, String subject, double score) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.subject = subject;
        this.score = score;
    }



    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Score [name=" + name + ", id=" + id + ", subject=" + subject
                + ", score=" + score + "]";
    }



    public Score(String name, String id, String subject, double score) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.subject = subject;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getSubject() {
        return subject;
    }

    public void setSubject(String subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

}


//实现类
public class Test {


    public static String TABLENAME = "score";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Connection conn = DAO.connection();
            if (conn != null) {
                System.out.println("链接上了");
                // createTable(conn);
                // 插入一条记录
                // Score score = new Score("李四  ", "Android", 98);
                // System.out.println(addScore2(conn, score));
                // deleteScore(conn, score);
                // updateScore(conn, score);
                List<Score> list = queryScoreByName(conn, "王五"); //queryAllScore(conn);
                for (Score score : list) {
                    System.out.println(score);
                }
                conn.close();
            } else {
                System.out.println("链接失败 ");
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 创建一张表
    public static boolean createTable(Connection conn) {
        // 开始执行sql语句
        String sql = "create table "
                + TABLENAME
                + "(id integer primary key auto_increment,name varchar(3) not null,subject varchar(20) not null,score double)";
        // 要执行一条语句，需要一个执行的类 Statement
        try {
            Statement st = conn.createStatement();
            int result = st.executeUpdate(sql);
            System.out.println(result);
            if (result != -1)
                return true;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

    // 添加一条记录
    public static boolean addScore(Connection conn, Score score)
            throws SQLException {
        String sql = "insert into " + TABLENAME
                + "(name,subject,score) values('" + score.getName() + "','"
                + score.getSubject() + "'," + score.getScore() + ")";
        System.out.println(sql);
        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
        int row = st.executeUpdate(sql);
        if (row > 0)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    // 添加一条记录2
    public static boolean addScore2(Connection conn, Score score)
            throws SQLException {
        // 占位符?来代替需要设置的参数
        String sql = "insert into " + TABLENAME
                + "(name,subject,score) values(?,?,?)";
        PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        // 必须给定？所代表的值
        ps.setString(1, score.getName());
        ps.setString(2, score.getSubject());
        ps.setDouble(3, score.getScore());
        // 调用无参的方法
        int row = ps.executeUpdate();
        if (row > 0)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean deleteScore(Connection conn, Score score)
            throws SQLException {
        String sql = "delete from " + TABLENAME + " where name=? and subject=?";
        // 创建PrepareStatement
        PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ps.setString(1, score.getName());
        ps.setString(2, score.getSubject());
        // ps.setDouble(3, score.getScore());
        // 执行
        int row = ps.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println(row);
        if (row > 0)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean updateScore(Connection conn, Score score)
            throws SQLException {
        // 修改 score人他的科目的成绩
        String sql = "update " + TABLENAME
                + " set score=? where name=? and subject=?";
        PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ps.setDouble(1, score.getScore());
        ps.setString(2, score.getName());
        ps.setString(3, score.getSubject());
        int row = ps.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println(row);
        if (row > 0)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    public static List<Score> queryAllScore(Connection conn)
            throws SQLException {
        String sql = "select * from " + TABLENAME;
        // 开始查询
        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
        List<Score> list = new ArrayList<Score>();
        while (rs.next()) {
            // 这里可以通过rs获取所有结果
            String id = rs.getString("id");
            String name = rs.getString("name");
            String subject = rs.getString("subject");
            double score = rs.getDouble("score");
            list.add(new Score(name, id, subject, score));
        }
        // 结束
        return list;
    }

    public static List<Score> queryScoreByName(Connection conn, String name)
            throws SQLException {
        String sql = "select * from " + TABLENAME + " where name=?";
        PreparedStatement pt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pt.setString(1, name);
        ResultSet rs = pt.executeQuery();
        List<Score> list = new ArrayList<>();
        while (rs.next()) {
            String subject = rs.getString("subject");
            String id = rs.getString("id");
            double score = rs.getDouble("score");
            list.add(new Score(name, id, subject, score));
        }
        return list;
    }