(51nod1220) 2016.12.30 T3

约数之和

求$\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\sigma(i*j)$

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$原式= \sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\sum_{d=1}^{i*j}e(d|i*j)*d$

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对推到下一步的解释

现在考虑对于一个确定的$i$,和一个确定的$d$,有多少个j是满足$d|i*j$
$\because d|i*j$
$\therefore d/gcd(i,d)|i/gcd(i,d)*j$
$\therefore d/gcd(i,d)|j$
$设j=k*(d/gcd(i,d))$
$\because j <= n$
$\therefore k*(d/gcd(i,d))<=n$
$\therefore k <= n * gcd (i,d) / d$

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$\therefore 原式=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{d=1}^{i*n}\left \lfloor \frac {n * gcd (i,d)} {d} \right \rfloor * d$
$=\sum_{d1=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n}\sum_{d=1}^{i*n} e (gcd (i, d) == d1)\left \lfloor \frac {n * d1} {d} \right \rfloor * d$

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$\because gcd(i,d) == d1$
$\therefore gcd (\frac {i} {d1}, \frac {d} {d1})==1$
原式=$\sum_{d1=1}^{n}\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{ \left \lfloor \frac {n} {d1} \right \rfloor}\sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}e(gcd(i^{'},d^{'})==1)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}*d1$

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废话（雾

这里有个地方很有趣
本来式子应该变为$\sum_{d1=1}^{n}\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{ \left \lfloor \frac {n} {d1} \right \rfloor}\sum_{d^{'}=1}^{i'*n}e(gcd(i^{'},d^{'})==1)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}*d1$
我们可以发现第三个segma的枚举减少了.

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交换一下求和顺序

原式=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\sum_{d1=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}\sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}e(gcd(i^{'},d^{'})==1)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}*d1$

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将d1提出来

原式=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\sum_{d1=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}d1\sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}e(gcd(i^{'},d^{'})==1)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}$

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可以发现前面的和后面没有关系了

原式=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}} {2} \sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}e(gcd(i^{'},d^{'})==1)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}$
=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}} {2} \sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}\sum_{g|gcd(i^{'},d^{'})}\mu(g)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}$

=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}} {2} \sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}\sum_{g|i^{'}且g|d^{'}}\mu(g)\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor * d^{'}$

=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}} {2} \sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}d^{'}\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor\sum_{g|i^{'}且g|d^{'}}\mu(g)$

=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}} {2} \sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}d^{'}\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor\sum_{g=1}^{n}\mu(g)e (g|i^{'}) e (g|d^{'})$

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i 和 d 互相无关，它们分别只和 d′ 有关，于是我们交换求和顺序，算每个 d′ 对应的 i 和 d ，则有原式
=$\sum_{i^{'}=1}^{n}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{'}} \right \rfloor}} {2} \sum_{d^{'}=1}^{n}d^{'}\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{'}} \right \rfloor\sum_{g=1}^{n}\mu(g)e (g|i^{'}) e (g|d^{'})$

=$\sum_{g=1}^{n}\sum_{i^{''}=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {g} \right \rfloor}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{''}*g} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{''}*g} \right \rfloor}} {2}\sum_{d^{''}=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {g} \right \rfloor} d^{''}*g*\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{''}*g} \right \rfloor*\mu(g)$

=$\sum_{g=1}^{n}g*\mu(g)\sum_{i^{''}=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {g} \right \rfloor}\frac {(1+{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{''}*g} \right \rfloor})*{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {i^{''}*g} \right \rfloor}} {2}\sum_{d^{''}=1}^{\left \lfloor \frac {n} {g} \right \rfloor} d^{''}*\left \lfloor \frac {n} {d^{''}*g} \right \rfloor$