ansible自动化运维
1.安装ansible
直接采用yum安装即可,需要安装epel源
sudo yum install rpel-release -y
sudo yum install ansible -y
2.ansible配置文件
2.1.主配置文件
cat /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[defaults]
# 定义默认的hosts文件路径,支持相对路径
inventory = ./hosts
# 定义默认扩展库路径,自定义的模块可以放这里
library = ./library
#module_utils = /usr/share/my_module_utils/
# 默认的远端节点脚本复制过去后的路径,与ansible执行机制有关
#remote_tmp = ~/.ansible/tmp
# 本地的
#local_tmp = ~/.ansible/tmp
# 默认是5个并发进程forks
#forks = 5
# 轮巡间隔
#poll_interval = 15
# sudo的用户
#sudo_user = root
#ask_sudo_pass = True
#ask_pass = True
#transport = smart
# 默认端口
#remote_port = 22
#module_lang = C
#module_set_locale = False
# smart - gather by default, but don't regather if already gathered
# implicit 开启gather_facts,如果需要关闭则需明文设置 gather_facts: False
# explicit 关闭gather_facts,如果需要开启则需明文设置gather_facts: True
gathering = explicit
# This only affects the gathering done by a play's gather_facts directive,
# by default gathering retrieves all facts subsets
# all - gather all subsets
# network - gather min and network facts
# hardware - gather hardware facts (longest facts to retrieve)
# virtual - gather min and virtual facts
# facter - import facts from facter
# ohai - import facts from ohai
# You can combine them using comma (ex: network,virtual)
# You can negate them using ! (ex: !hardware,!facter,!ohai)
# A minimal set of facts is always gathered.
#gather_subset = all
# some hardware related facts are collected
# with a maximum timeout of 10 seconds. This
# option lets you increase or decrease that
# timeout to something more suitable for the
# environment.
# gather_timeout = 10
# additional paths to search for roles in, colon separated
roles_path = /etc/ansible/roles:/usr/share/ansible/roles
# uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking
host_key_checking = False
# change the default callback, you can only have one 'stdout' type enabled at a time.
# default stdout_callback = default
# skippy :
# actionable : 只显示changed状态的tasks
# oneline : like ansible-playbook -o *.yml display on oneline for every action
# minimal : display every action is or not excuted
# debug : 显示debug信息
stdout_callback = debug
# enable callback plugins, they can output to stdout but cannot be 'stdout' type.
#callback_whitelist = timer, mail
# 回调显示 timer显示每个tasks的时间
callback_whitelist = timer
# Determine whether includes in tasks and handlers are "static" by
# default. As of 2.0, includes are dynamic by default. Setting these
# values to True will make includes behave more like they did in the
# 1.x versions.
#task_includes_static = True
#handler_includes_static = True
# Controls if a missing handler for a notification event is an error or a warning
#error_on_missing_handler = True
# change this for alternative sudo implementations
#sudo_exe = sudo
# What flags to pass to sudo
# WARNING: leaving out the defaults might create unexpected behaviours
#sudo_flags = -H -S -n
# SSH timeout
timeout = 20
# default user to use for playbooks if user is not specified
# (/usr/bin/ansible will use current user as default)
# 指定远程的用户为root,则不需要在playbook中指定remote_user: root
remote_user = root
# 如果注释此选项则不输出执行日志,开启可以将playbook的执行过程写入日志路径,但是该日志不会归档
log_path = /var/log/ansible.log
# default module name for /usr/bin/ansible
module_name = command
# use this shell for commands executed under sudo
# you may need to change this to bin/bash in rare instances
# if sudo is constrained
executable = /bin/sh
# if inventory variables overlap, does the higher precedence one win
# or are hash values merged together? The default is 'replace' but
# this can also be set to 'merge'.
#hash_behaviour = replace
# by default, variables from roles will be visible in the global variable
# scope. To prevent this, the following option can be enabled, and only
# tasks and handlers within the role will see the variables there
#private_role_vars = yes
# jinja2的扩展模块支持,可以根据jinja2版本新增加的扩容库添加
jinja2_extensions = jinja2.ext.do,jinja2.ext.i18n,jinja2.ext.loopcontrols,jinja2.ext.with_, jinja2.ext.autoescape
# if set, always use this private key file for authentication, same as
# if passing --private-key to ansible or ansible-playbook
#private_key_file = /path/to/file
# If set, configures the path to the Vault password file as an alternative to
# specifying --vault-password-file on the command line.
#vault_password_file = /path/to/vault_password_file
# format of string {{ ansible_managed }} available within Jinja2
# templates indicates to users editing templates files will be replaced.
# replacing {file}, {host} and {uid} and strftime codes with proper values.
#ansible_managed = Ansible managed: {file} modified on %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S by {uid} on {host}
# {file}, {host}, {uid}, and the timestamp can all interfere with idempotence
# in some situations so the default is a static string:
#ansible_managed = Ansible managed
# by default, ansible-playbook will display "Skipping [host]" if it determines a task
# should not be run on a host. Set this to "False" if you don't want to see these "Skipping"
# messages. NOTE: the task header will still be shown regardless of whether or not the
# task is skipped.
display_skipped_hosts = True
# by default, if a task in a playbook does not include a name: field then
# ansible-playbook will construct a header that includes the task's action but
# not the task's args. This is a security feature because ansible cannot know
# if the *module* considers an argument to be no_log at the time that the
# header is printed. If your environment doesn't have a problem securing
# stdout from ansible-playbook (or you have manually specified no_log in your
# playbook on all of the tasks where you have secret information) then you can
# safely set this to True to get more informative messages.
#display_args_to_stdout = False
# by default (as of 1.3), Ansible will raise errors when attempting to dereference
# Jinja2 variables that are not set in templates or action lines. Uncomment this line
# to revert the behavior to pre-1.3.
#error_on_undefined_vars = False
# by default (as of 1.6), Ansible may display warnings based on the configuration of the
# system running ansible itself. This may include warnings about 3rd party packages or
# other conditions that should be resolved if possible.
# to disable these warnings, set the following value to False:
system_warnings = False
# by default (as of 1.4), Ansible may display deprecation warnings for language
# features that should no longer be used and will be removed in future versions.
# to disable these warnings, set the following value to False:
deprecation_warnings = False
# (as of 1.8), Ansible can optionally warn when usage of the shell and
# command module appear to be simplified by using a default Ansible module
# instead. These warnings can be silenced by adjusting the following
# setting or adding warn=yes or warn=no to the end of the command line
# parameter string. This will for example suggest using the git module
# instead of shelling out to the git command.
command_warnings = False
# set plugin path directories here, separate with colons
#action_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/action
#cache_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/cache
#callback_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/callback
#connection_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/connection
#lookup_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/lookup
#inventory_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/inventory
#vars_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/vars
#filter_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/filter
#test_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/test
#terminal_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/terminal
#strategy_plugins = /usr/share/ansible/plugins/strategy
# free , debug , linear 三种,
# free 每个host按照task执行,不与其他host相关联,也就是说host会一直把自己的tasks执行完,再继续下一个host的,此种执行方式,会发现每次执行task时,显示的 却不一定是当前task的进程。
# debug 类似pdb.strace() 如果有错误会直接进入调试模式
# linear 线性的执行策略,所有hosts逐一task执行,每次并发5个,同步执行。
strategy = linear
# by default callbacks are not loaded for /bin/ansible, enable this if you
# want, for example, a notification or logging callback to also apply to
# /bin/ansible runs
bin_ansible_callbacks = True
# don't like cows? that's unfortunate.
# set to 1 if you don't want cowsay support or export ANSIBLE_NOCOWS=1
#nocows = 1
# set which cowsay stencil you'd like to use by default. When set to 'random',
# a random stencil will be selected for each task. The selection will be filtered
# against the `cow_whitelist` option below.
#cow_selection = default
#cow_selection = random
# when using the 'random' option for cowsay, stencils will be restricted to this list.
# it should be formatted as a comma-separated list with no spaces between names.
# NOTE: line continuations here are for formatting purposes only, as the INI parser
# in python does not support them.
#cow_whitelist=bud-frogs,bunny,cheese,daemon,default,dragon,elephant-in-snake,elephant,eyes,\
# hellokitty,kitty,luke-koala,meow,milk,moofasa,moose,ren,sheep,small,stegosaurus,\
# stimpy,supermilker,three-eyes,turkey,turtle,tux,udder,vader-koala,vader,www
# don't like colors either?
# set to 1 if you don't want colors, or export ANSIBLE_NOCOLOR=1
#nocolor = 1
# if set to a persistent type (not 'memory', for example 'redis') fact values
# from previous runs in Ansible will be stored. This may be useful when
# wanting to use, for example, IP information from one group of servers
# without having to talk to them in the same playbook run to get their
# current IP information.
#fact_caching = memory
# retry files
# When a playbook fails by default a .retry file will be created in ~/
# You can disable this feature by setting retry_files_enabled to False
# and you can change the location of the files by setting retry_files_save_path
retry_files_enabled = False
#retry_files_save_path = ~/.ansible-retry
# squash actions
# Ansible can optimise actions that call modules with list parameters
# when looping. Instead of calling the module once per with_ item, the
# module is called once with all items at once. Currently this only works
# under limited circumstances, and only with parameters named 'name'.
#squash_actions = apk,apt,dnf,homebrew,pacman,pkgng,yum,zypper
# prevents logging of task data, off by default
#no_log = False
# prevents logging of tasks, but only on the targets, data is still logged on the master/controller
# 执行ansible的过程会在target node的/var/log/messages下写入执行过程,默认是写入的
# 要不写入,取消注释,改成True
no_target_syslog = True
# controls whether Ansible will raise an error or warning if a task has no
# choice but to create world readable temporary files to execute a module on
# the remote machine. This option is False by default for security. Users may
# turn this on to have behaviour more like Ansible prior to 2.1.x. See
# https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/become.html#becoming-an-unprivileged-user
# for more secure ways to fix this than enabling this option.
#allow_world_readable_tmpfiles = False
# controls the compression level of variables sent to
# worker processes. At the default of 0, no compression
# is used. This value must be an integer from 0 to 9.
#var_compression_level = 9
# controls what compression method is used for new-style ansible modules when
# they are sent to the remote system. The compression types depend on having
# support compiled into both the controller's python and the client's python.
# The names should match with the python Zipfile compression types:
# * ZIP_STORED (no compression. available everywhere)
# * ZIP_DEFLATED (uses zlib, the default)
# These values may be set per host via the ansible_module_compression inventory
# variable
#module_compression = 'ZIP_DEFLATED'
# This controls the cutoff point (in bytes) on --diff for files
# set to 0 for unlimited (RAM may suffer!).
#max_diff_size = 1048576
# This controls how ansible handles multiple --tags and --skip-tags arguments
# on the CLI. If this is True then multiple arguments are merged together. If
# it is False, then the last specified argument is used and the others are ignored.
# This option will be removed in 2.8.
#merge_multiple_cli_flags = True
# Controls showing custom stats at the end, off by default
#show_custom_stats = True
# Controls which files to ignore when using a directory as inventory with
# possibly multiple sources (both static and dynamic)
#inventory_ignore_extensions = ~, .orig, .bak, .ini, .cfg, .retry, .pyc, .pyo
# This family of modules use an alternative execution path optimized for network appliances
# only update this setting if you know how this works, otherwise it can break module execution
#network_group_modules=['eos', 'nxos', 'ios', 'iosxr', 'junos', 'vyos']
# When enabled, this option allows lookups (via variables like {{lookup('foo')}} or when used as
# a loop with `with_foo`) to return data that is not marked "unsafe". This means the data may contain
# jinja2 templating language which will be run through the templating engine.
# ENABLING THIS COULD BE A SECURITY RISK
#allow_unsafe_lookups = False
# 遇到任何错误就会终止执行,也可以在playbook中指定 any_errors_fatal: true
any_errors_fatal = True
[inventory]
# enable inventory plugins, default: 'host_list', 'script', 'yaml', 'ini'
enable_plugins = advanced_host_list, host_list, virtualbox, yaml, constructed, script, ini
# ignore these extensions when parsing a directory as inventory source
#ignore_extensions = .pyc, .pyo, .swp, .bak, ~, .rpm, .md, .txt, ~, .orig, .ini, .cfg, .retry
# ignore files matching these patterns when parsing a directory as inventory source
#ignore_patterns=
# If 'true' unparsed inventory sources become fatal errors, they are warnings otherwise.
#unparsed_is_failed=False
[privilege_escalation]
#become=True
#become_method=sudo
#become_user=root
#become_ask_pass=False
[paramiko_connection]
# 默认用ssh方式,如果用python paramiko模块链接,才需要此段配置
# uncomment this line to cause the paramiko connection plugin to not record new host
# keys encountered. Increases performance on new host additions. Setting works independently of the
# host key checking setting above.
#record_host_keys=False
# by default, Ansible requests a pseudo-terminal for commands executed under sudo. Uncomment this
# line to disable this behaviour.
#pty=False
# paramiko will default to looking for SSH keys initially when trying to
# authenticate to remote devices. This is a problem for some network devices
# that close the connection after a key failure. Uncomment this line to
# disable the Paramiko look for keys function
#look_for_keys = False
# When using persistent connections with Paramiko, the connection runs in a
# background process. If the host doesn't already have a valid SSH key, by
# default Ansible will prompt to add the host key. This will cause connections
# running in background processes to fail. Uncomment this line to have
# Paramiko automatically add host keys.
#host_key_auto_add = True
[ssh_connection]
# ssh arguments to use
# Leaving off ControlPersist will result in poor performance, so use
# paramiko on older platforms rather than removing it, -C controls compression use
#ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s
# The base directory for the ControlPath sockets.
# This is the "%(directory)s" in the control_path option
#
# Example:
# control_path_dir = /tmp/.ansible/cp
#control_path_dir = ~/.ansible/cp
# The path to use for the ControlPath sockets. This defaults to a hashed string of the hostname,
# port and username (empty string in the config). The hash mitigates a common problem users
# found with long hostames and the conventional %(directory)s/ansible-ssh-%%h-%%p-%%r format.
# In those cases, a "too long for Unix domain socket" ssh error would occur.
#
# Example:
# control_path = %(directory)s/%%h-%%r
#control_path =
# Enabling pipelining reduces the number of SSH operations required to
# execute a module on the remote server. This can result in a significant
# performance improvement when enabled, however when using "sudo:" you must
# first disable 'requiretty' in /etc/sudoers
#
# By default, this option is disabled to preserve compatibility with
# sudoers configurations that have requiretty (the default on many distros).
#
pipelining = True
# Control the mechanism for transferring files (old)
# * smart = try sftp and then try scp [default]
# * True = use scp only
# * False = use sftp only
#scp_if_ssh = smart
# Control the mechanism for transferring files (new)
# If set, this will override the scp_if_ssh option
# * sftp = use sftp to transfer files
# * scp = use scp to transfer files
# * piped = use 'dd' over SSH to transfer files
# * smart = try sftp, scp, and piped, in that order [default]
#transfer_method = smart
# if False, sftp will not use batch mode to transfer files. This may cause some
# types of file transfer failures impossible to catch however, and should
# only be disabled if your sftp version has problems with batch mode
#sftp_batch_mode = False
[persistent_connection]
# Configures the persistent connection timeout value in seconds. This value is
# how long the persistent connection will remain idle before it is destroyed.
# If the connection doesn't receive a request before the timeout value
# expires, the connection is shutdown. The default value is 30 seconds.
connect_timeout = 30
# Configures the persistent connection retry timeout. This value configures the
# the retry timeout that ansible-connection will wait to connect
# to the local domain socket. This value must be larger than the
# ssh timeout (timeout) and less than persistent connection idle timeout (connect_timeout).
# The default value is 15 seconds.
#connect_retry_timeout = 15
# The command timeout value defines the amount of time to wait for a command
# or RPC call before timing out. The value for the command timeout must
# be less than the value of the persistent connection idle timeout (connect_timeout)
# The default value is 10 second.
#command_timeout = 10
[accelerate]
#accelerate_port = 5099
#accelerate_timeout = 30
#accelerate_connect_timeout = 5.0
# The daemon timeout is measured in minutes. This time is measured
# from the last activity to the accelerate daemon.
#accelerate_daemon_timeout = 30
# If set to yes, accelerate_multi_key will allow multiple
# private keys to be uploaded to it, though each user must
# have access to the system via SSH to add a new key. The default
# is "no".
#accelerate_multi_key = yes
[selinux]
# file systems that require special treatment when dealing with security context
# the default behaviour that copies the existing context or uses the user default
# needs to be changed to use the file system dependent context.
#special_context_filesystems=nfs,vboxsf,fuse,ramfs,9p
# Set this to yes to allow libvirt_lxc connections to work without SELinux.
#libvirt_lxc_noseclabel = yes
[colors]
#highlight = white
#verbose = blue
#warn = bright purple
#error = red
#debug = dark gray
#deprecate = purple
#skip = cyan
#unreachable = red
#ok = green
#changed = yellow
#diff_add = green
#diff_remove = red
#diff_lines = cyan
[diff]
# Always print diff when running ( same as always running with -D/--diff )
# always = no
# Set how many context lines to show in diff
# context = 3
2.2.hosts文件
cat /etc/ansible/hosts
# This is the default ansible 'hosts' file.
#
# It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts
#
# - Comments begin with the '#' character
# - Blank lines are ignored
# - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements
# - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses
# - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups
#配置主机的组
[hexo]
192.168.181.131 ansible_ssh_user=wyatt ansible_ssh_pass=wc1900430 sname=hexo1#最后配置主机的变量
#配置组变量
[hexo:vars]
https_port=8080
server_name=wangc.store
# Ex 1: Ungrouped hosts, specify before any group headers.
## green.example.com
## blue.example.com
## 192.168.100.1
## 192.168.100.10
# Ex 2: A collection of hosts belonging to the 'webservers' group
## [webservers]
## alpha.example.org
## beta.example.org
## 192.168.1.100
## 192.168.1.110
# If you have multiple hosts following a pattern you can specify
# them like this:
## www[001:006].example.com
# Ex 3: A collection of database servers in the 'dbservers' group
## [dbservers]
##
## db01.intranet.mydomain.net
## db02.intranet.mydomain.net
## 10.25.1.56
## 10.25.1.57
# Here's another example of host ranges, this time there are no
# leading 0s:
## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
2.3.组变量yml文件
存放位置为
/etc/ansible/group_vars/xxx.yml
#此处创建hexo组的yml文件
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ ansible hexo -a "echo {{port}}"
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
6500
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ cat /etc/ansible/group_vars/hexo.yml
domain: wangc.store
port: 6500
3.使用ansible
3.1.向主机或主机组发送命令
ansible $hostgroup -a "commod"
ansible hexo -a "df -lh"
#输入变量
ansible hexo -a "echo {{port}}"
3.2.ad-hoc
#-a 只能使用普通的命令,无法识别 | >> $$ 等特殊符号,需要使用 -m shell 模块
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ clear
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ ansible hexo -a "echo 123 >> /tmp/123 "
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
123 >> /tmp/123
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ ansible hexo -a "cat /tmp/123 "
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ ansible hexo -m shell -a "echo 123 >> /tmp/123 "
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$ ansible hexo -a "cat /tmp/123 "
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
123
[wyatt@CentOS7 roles]$
3.3.显示将执行命令的主机
ansible hexo --list-hosts
hosts (1):
192.168.181.131
3.4.显示详细的执行过程
-vvv参数
ansible hexo -vvv -a "cat /tmp/123 "
4.ansible常用模块
4.1.执行shell命令(command和shell)
ansible进行sudo提权操作
--become #使用sudo
--become-user=root #使用root权限
--ask-become-pass #提权的密码
4.2.文件传输(copy和file)
- copy传输文件
~]$ ansible hexo -m copy -a "src=/home/wyatt/docker-20.10.9.tgz dest=/opt" --become --become-user=root --ask-become-pass
BECOME password:
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "01035ebd664d78fb43adfdddef2910747bbed5cf",
"dest": "/opt/docker-20.10.9.tgz",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "24babcf045085cd88d527025b8296fd5",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:usr_t:s0",
"size": 63350495,
"src": "/home/wyatt/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1641686431.36-2588-179573832270522/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
- file创建文件
~]$ ansible hexo -m file -a "dest=/home/wyatt/123 mode=600 state=touch"
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/home/wyatt/123",
"gid": 1000,
"group": "wyatt",
"mode": "0600",
"owner": "wyatt",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 1000
}
~]$ ansible hexo -a "ls -l"
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-------. 1 wyatt wyatt 0 Jan 9 08:08 123
-rwxrwxr--. 1 wyatt wyatt 761 Jan 3 18:12 Frist.sh
#mode指定权限
#state指定类型:directory,link,hrad,touch,absent
# touch :创建文件
# directory:创建目录
# absent:删除文件或者目录或者链接文件
# link:创建链接文件
# hard:创建硬连接
4.3.软件包管理(yum)
~]$ ansible hexo -m yum -a "name=net-tools state=present" --become --become-user=root --ask-become-pass
BECOME password:
192.168.181.131 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"installed": [
"net-tools"
]
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 base 306 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package\n\nTotal download size: 306 k\nInstalled size: 917 k\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1 \n Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}
#使用-m yum来运行yum包管理器
#name:指定包名
#state:指定状态 absent, installed, latest, present, removed
#absent:卸载
#installd:安装
#latest:安装
#present:安装
#removed:卸载
4.4.用户和组(user)
#创建用户
ansible hexo -m user -a "name=c password=123c" -u root -k
#删除用户和用户文件夹
ansible hexo -m user -a "name=c state=absent remove=yes" -u root -k
#常用参数
#name:用户名
#shell:指定用户的shell
#state:absent删除,present:新增
#remove:删除时是否删除用户根目录
4.5.从源代码管理系统部署(git)
需要目标主机已经安装了git
ansible hexo -m yum -a "name=git state=present" -u root -k
从仓库拉取代码
ansible hexo -m git -a "repo=http://101.37.173.91:6503/c/notes.git dist=/tmp/notes"
4.6.管理服务(service)
- 四个状态
reloaded, restarted, started, stopped
- 自动启管理
#参数enabled
~]$ ansible hexo -m service -a "name=firewalld enabled=true" -u root -k
~]$ ansible hexo -m service -a "name=firewalld enabled=false" -u root -k
- 停止一个服务
~]$ ansible hexo -m service -a "name=firewalld state=stopped" -u root -k
- 启动一个服务
~]$ ansible hexo -m service -a "name=firewalld state=started" -u root -k
4.7.收集目标主机信息(setup)
#全部信息
~]$ ansible hexo -m setup -u root -k
#过滤信息-主机名
~]$ ansible hexo -m setup -a "filter=ansible_nodename" -u root -k
SSH password:
192.168.181.131 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_nodename": "c78s181-131.wangc.com",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
5.PlayBook
特点
- 易读的编排语言-YAML
- 适合配置管理和应用部署
- 非常适合部署复杂的工作
将操作集成为yaml文件,进行流程控制等
5.1.yaml语法检查
~]$ ansible-playbook example.yaml --syntax-check
playbook: example.yaml
#语法无误则不会输入其他信息
5.2.流程控制
- 使用notify
---
- hosts: hexo
user: root
tasks:
- name: test
copy:
src: ./test.txt
dest: /tmp/test.txt
notify:
- remove 123
handlers:
- name: remove 123
file:
dest: /tmp/123
state: absent
#使用notify:和 handlers:,如果前一个task没有变更,则不执行 handlers标记的task
- 使用tags
~]$ cat example.yaml
---
- hosts: hexo
user: root
tasks:
- name: test
copy:
src: ./test.txt
dest: /tmp/test.txt
tags: copy file
- name: remove test
file:
dest: /tmp/test.123
state: absent
tags: remove file
#只执行remove file
~]$ ansible-playbook example.yaml --tags "remove file"
#跳过remove file
~]$ ansible-playbook example.yaml --skip-tags "remove file"
5.4.debug
---
- hosts: hexo
user: root
vars:
name: wc
age: 24
tasks:
- name: test
copy:
src: ./test.txt
dest: /tmp/test.txt
tags: copy file
- name: remove test
file:
dest: /tmp/test.123
state: absent
tags: remove file
- name: echo msg
debug:
msg: {{name}}
tags: debug
ansible-playbook example.yaml --tags=debug