一、引言：
本文来自3GPP Joern Krause, 3GPP MCC (May 14,2024)
Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) (3gpp.org)
本文总结了NTN标准化进程以及后续的研究计划，是学习NTN协议的入门。
【学习笔记】卫星通信NTN 3GPP标准化进展分析（二）- 3GPP Release16 内容-CSDN博客
https://blog.csdn.net/u011376987/article/details/141791684?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501【学习笔记】卫星通信NTN 3GPP标准化进展分析（三）- 3GPP Release17 内容-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/u011376987/article/details/141791743?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
References
Pure Satellite/NTN specific specifications:
TR 38.811, "Study on New Radio (NR) to support non-terrestrial networks", REL-15 SI FS_NR_nonterr_nw, RAN
TR 22.822, "Study on using satellite access in 5G", REL-16 SI FS_5GSAT, SA1
TR 38.821, "Study on solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN)", REL-16 SI FS_NR_NTN_solutions, RAN3
TR 23.737, "Study on architecture aspects for using satellite access in 5G", SI FS_5GSAT_ARCH, SA2; note: SI started in REL-16 but ended in REL-17
TR 38.863, "Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) related RF and co-existence aspects", REL-17 WI NR_NTN_solutions, RAN4
TS 38.101-5, "NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 5: Satellite access Radio Frequency (RF) and performance requirements", REL-17 WI NR_NTN_solutions, RAN4
TS 38.108, "NR; Satellite Access Node radio transmission and reception", REL-17 WI NR_NTN_solutions, RAN4
TS 38.181, "NR; Satellite Access Node conformance testing", REL-17 WI NR_NTN_solutions, RAN4
TS 38.521-5, "NR; User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Radio transmission and reception; Part 5: Satellite access Radio Frequency (RF) and performance", REL-17 WI NR_NTN_solutions_plus_CT-UEConTest, RAN5
TR 38.882 "Study on requirements and use cases for network verified UE location for Non-Terrestrial-Networks (NTN) in NR", REL-18 SI FS_NR_NTN_netw_verif_UE_loc, RAN
TR 37.911, "Study on self-evaluation towards the IMT-2020 submission of the 3GPP Satellite Radio Interface Technology", REL-18 SI FS_IMT2020_SAT_eval, SA1
TR 22.926, "Guidelines for extraterritorial 5G Systems (5GS)" REL-18 SI FS_5GET, SA1
Generic specifications including Satellite/NTN aspects:
TS 22.261, "Service requirements for the 5G system", stage 1 spec from SA1
TS 23.501, "System architecture for the 5G System (5GS)", stage 2 spec from SA2, esp. clauses 5.4.10 and 5.4.11
TS 38.300, "NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall description; Stage-2", RAN2, esp. clause 16.14
Note: Stage 3 aspects are distributed over several specifications (like any other 3GPP feature).
Other references:
"NTN & Satellite in Rel-17 & 18", by Munira Jaffar & Nicolas Chuberre, see also 3GPP Highlights newsletter no.3, page 24
Abbreviations:
AF Application Function
AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
AS Access Stratum
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
gNB Node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC
GSO Geosynchronous Orbit
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
HAPS High Altitude Platform Station
HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit
LEO Low Earth Orbit
MEO Medium Earth Orbiting
NG-RAN Next Generation Radio Access Network
(set of gNBs connected to the 5GC through the NG interface)
NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit
NRM Network Resource Model
NTN Non-Terrestrial Networks (incl. satellites, UAVs, drones, ballons)
PCI Physical Cell Identifier
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
RA Random Access
RRC Radio Resource Control
RRM Radio Resource Management
RTT Round Trip Time
SAN Satellite Access Node
SSB SS/PBCH block
SSC Satellite Service Customer
SMTC SS/PBCH Block Measurement Timing Configuration
SNO Satellite Network Operator
SSB SS/PBCH block
TA Timing Advance
TAC Tracking Area Code
TAI Tracking Area Indicator
TN Terrestrial Network
TNL Transport Network Layer
UAV Uncrewed/Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle
UPF User Plane Function
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
Definitions:
Airborne vehicles: Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) encompassing tethered UAS (TUA), Lighter than Air UAS (LTA), Heavier than Air UAS (HTA), all operating in altitudes typically between 8 and 50 km including High Altitude Platforms (HAPs)
Geostationary Earth orbit: Circular orbit at 35,786 kilometres above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotational period and thus appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers.
High Altitude Platform Station: airborne vehicle embarking the NTN payload placed at an altitude between 8 and 50 km.
Low Earth Orbit: Orbit around the around Earth with an altitude between 500 kilometres (orbital period of about 88 minutes), and 2,000 kilometres (orbital period of about 127 minutes).
Medium Earth Orbit: region of space around the Earth above low Earth orbit and below geostationary Earth Orbit.
Non-Geosynchronous orbit: earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that does not match Earth's rotation on its axis. This includes Low and Medium Earth Orbit (LEO and MEO).
Non Geostationary Satellites: Satellites (LEO and MEO) orbiting around the Earth with a period that varies approximately between 1.5 hour and 10 hours. It is necessary to have a constellation of several Non Geostationary satellites associated with handover mechanisms to ensure a service continuity.
Non-terrestrial networks: Networks, or segments of networks, using an airborne or space-borne vehicle to embark a transmission equipment relay node or base station.
NTN Gateway: an earth station located at the surface of the earth, providing connectivity to the NTN payload using the feeder link. An NTN Gateway is a TNL node.
NTN payload: a network node, embarked on board a satellite or high altitude platform station, providing connectivity functions, between the service link and the feeder link. In the current version of this specification, the NTN payload is a TNL node.
Regenerative payload: payload that transforms and amplifies an uplink RF signal before transmitting it on the downlink. The transformation of the signal refers to digital processing that may include demodulation, decoding, re-encoding, re-modulation and/or filtering.
Satellite: a space-borne vehicle embarking a bent pipe payload or a regenerative payload telecommunication transmitter, placed into Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) typically at an altitude between 500 km to 2000 km, Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO) typically at an altitude between 8000 to 20000 km, or Geostationary-satellite Earth Orbit (GEO) at 35 786 km altitude.
Satellite Access Node (SAN): node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards NTN Satellite capable UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC. It encompass a transparent NTN payload on board a NTN platform, a gateway and gNB functions.
Space-borne vehicles: Satellites including Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, Medium Earth Orbiting (MEO) satellites, Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellites as well as Highly Elliptical Orbiting (HEO) satellites
Service link: wireless link between the NTN payload and UE
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