Codeforces 932E Team work 【组合计数+斯特林数】

Codeforces 932E Team work

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You have a team of N people. For a particular task, you can pick any non-empty subset of people. The cost of having x people for the task is xk.

Output the sum of costs over all non-empty subsets of people.

Input

Only line of input contains two integers N (1 ≤ N ≤ 109) representing total number of people and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 5000).

Output

Output the sum of costs for all non empty subsets modulo 109 + 7.

Examples

input

1 1

output

1

input

3 2

output

24

Note

In the first example, there is only one non-empty subset {1} with cost 11 = 1.
In the second example, there are seven non-empty subsets.
- {1} with cost 12 = 1
- {2} with cost 12 = 1
- {1, 2} with cost 22 = 4
- {3} with cost 12 = 1
- {1, 3} with cost 22 = 4
- {2, 3} with cost 22 = 4
- {1, 2, 3} with cost 32 = 9
The total cost is 1 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 9 = 24.

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$ans=\sum_{i=1}^{n}C_n^i*i^k$
把$i^k$用斯特林数展开
$ans=\sum_{i=1}^nC_n^i\sum_{j=1}^iS_k^j*C_i^j*j!$
换一下位置
$ans=\sum_{j=1}^kS_k^j*j!\sum_{i=1}^nC_n^i*C_i^j$
又因为$\sum_{i=1}^nC_n^i*C_i^j=C_n^j*2^{n-j}$
所以$ans=\sum_{j=1}^kS_k^j*j!*C_n^j*2^{n-j}$

组合数可以O(k)预处理，所以总时间$O(k^2+klogn)$

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 5010
#define yyf 1000000007
#define LL long long
LL S[N][N],inv[N],C[N],J[N];
LL n,k;
LL fast_pow(LL a,LL b){
    LL ans=1;
    while(b){
        if(b&1)ans=ans*a%yyf;
        b>>=1;
        a=a*a%yyf;
    }
    return ans;
}
int main(){
    cin>>n>>k;
    inv[0]=inv[1]=1;C[1]=n;J[1]=1;
    for(LL i=2;i<=k;i++)J[i]=J[i-1]*i%yyf;
    for(LL i=2;i<=k;i++)inv[i]=(yyf-yyf/i)*inv[yyf%i]%yyf;
    for(LL i=2;i<=k;i++)C[i]=C[i-1]*inv[i]%yyf*(n-i+1)%yyf;
    S[0][0]=1;
    for(LL i=1;i<=k;i++){
        S[i][0]=0;
        for(LL j=1;j<=i;j++)S[i][j]=(j*S[i-1][j]%yyf+S[i-1][j-1])%yyf;
    }
    LL ans=0;
    for(LL i=1;i<=min(k,n);i++)ans=(ans+S[k][i]*J[i]%yyf*C[i]%yyf*fast_pow(2,n-i)%yyf)%yyf;
    printf("%lld",ans%yyf);
    return 0;
}