学生信息管理系统(0基础,小白向)!!

概要

通过c语言,运用顺序表数据结构,加上文件操作,做出了一个能够存储信息,可拓展的学生信息管理系统,只增加了初始的几个功能,剩下的算是留给你们了。

整体架构流程

1.所引用的头文件及预处理

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

2.初始化操作

//初始化操作 (两个结构体)
typedef struct {
    char name[20];
    int age;
    char gender[10];
    char idcard[15];
    char call[15];
} Student;

typedef struct StudentList {
    Student students[MAX_SIZE];
    int length;
} StudentList;

//这是初始化顺序表的函数
void initStudentList(StudentList *list) {
    list->length = 0;
}

3.录入学生信息

//录入学生信息 
void addStudent(StudentList *list, Student student) {
    if (list->length >= MAX_SIZE) {
        printf("学生列表已满!\n");
        return;
    }
    list->students[list->length++] = student;
    printf("学生添加成功!\n");
}

void addStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
	Student student;
	printf("请输入学生姓名:");
    scanf("%s", student.name);
    printf("请输入学生年龄:");
    scanf("%d", &student.age);
    printf("请输入学生性别:");
    scanf("%s", student.gender);
    printf("请输入学生学号:");
    scanf("%s",student.idcard); 
    printf("请输入学生电话号码:");
    scanf("%s",student.call);
    addStudent(list, student);
}

这原本是一个函数,我分成了两部分,一部分负责操作,一部分负责主函数目录中的指引输入。

4.通过学号查询学生信息

//通过学号查询学生信息
int searchStudent(StudentList *list, char *idcard) {
    for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
        if (strcmp(list->students[i].idcard, idcard) == 0) {
            return i;  // 返回学生在数组中的索引
        }
    }
    return 0;  // 如果找不到匹配的学生,返回-1表示失败
}

int selectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
	char selectidcard[15];
	printf("请输入要查询的学生的学号:"); 
	scanf("%s",selectidcard);
	 
	int i = searchStudent(list,selectidcard);
	if(i+1){
		printf("姓名:%s\n", list->students[i].name);
        printf("年龄:%d\n", list->students[i].age);
        printf("性别:%s\n", list->students[i].gender);
        printf("学号:%s\n", list->students[i].idcard);
        printf("电话号码:%s\n", list->students[i].call);
    } else {
        printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
        return 0;
	}
	return i;
}

5. 修改学生信息

void changeStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
	int i = selectStudentMenu(list);
	
	int choice;
	
	while(i != 0 || choice != 6){
		printf("您想修改那些信息:\n");
		printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~1.姓名~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
	   	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~2.年龄~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
   		printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~3.性别~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~4.学号~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~5.电话号码~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~6.退出~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
		printf("\n");
    	printf("\t\t请选择(1-6):");
    	scanf("%d", &choice); 
    	
    	switch(choice){
    		case 1:
    			char name_1[20];
    			printf("请输入你要修改的名字:\n");
    			scanf("%s",name_1); 
    			strcpy(list->students[i].name, name_1);
                break;
             case 2:
                int age_1;
                printf("请输入你要修改的年龄:\n");
                scanf("%d", &age_1);
                list->students[i].age = age_1;
                break;
            case 3:
                char gender_1[10];
                printf("请输入你要修改的性别:\n");
                scanf(" %s", &gender_1);
                strcpy(list->students[i].gender, gender_1);
                break;
            case 4:
                char idcard_1[11];
                printf("请输入你要修改的学号:\n");
                scanf("%s", idcard_1);
                strcpy(list->students[i].idcard, idcard_1);
                break;
            case 5:
                char call_1[20];
                printf("请输入你要修改的电话号码:\n");
                scanf("%s", call_1);
                strcpy(list->students[i].call, call_1);
                break;
            case 6:
            	printf("正在返回主菜单...\n");
                break;
            default:
				printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
		}
	}
}

 在这个函数中我引用了上一个函数。

4.删除学生信息(通过学号)

void delectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
    char idcard[15];
    printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
    scanf("%s", idcard);
    int i = searchStudent(list, idcard);
    
    printf("该学生的姓名是:%s 请确认是否删除(T/F)!",list->students[i].name);
	while (getchar() != '\n');  // 清空输入缓冲区
    
    if (getchar() == 'T') {
        if (i+1) {
            for (int j = i; j < list->length - 1; j++) {
                list->students[j] = list->students[j + 1];
            }
            list->length--;
            printf("学生信息删除成功!\n");
        } else {
            printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
        }
    } else if (getchar() == 'F') {
        printf("正在返回主菜单...\n"); 
    }else{
		printf("输入错误!!!\n"); 
	}
}

5. 显示学生列表

void displayStudentList(StudentList list) {
    printf("姓名\t\t年龄\t\t性别\t\t学号\t\t电话号码\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
        printf("%s\t\t%d\t\t%s\t\t", list.students[i].name, list.students[i].age, list.students[i].gender);
        printf("%s\t\t%s\n", list.students[i].idcard, list.students[i].call);
    }
}

6. 文件操作

// 从文件加载学生信息
void loadStudentList(StudentList *list) {
    FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "r");  // 打开文件以读取学生信息
    if (file == NULL) {
        printf("学生信息加载失败!!!\n");
        return;
    }

    Student student;
    while (fscanf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s", student.name, &student.age, student.gender, student.idcard, student.call) != EOF) {
        addStudent(list, student);  // 将加载的学生信息添加到链表中
		system("cls"); // 清除屏幕上的内容
    }
    printf("\n\n\t\t成功加载学生信息!!!"); 

    fclose(file);  // 关闭文件
}

// 保存学生信息到文件
void saveStudentList(StudentList *list) {
    FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "w");  // 打开文件以写入学生信息
    if (file == NULL) {
        printf("保存失败!\n");
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
        fprintf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s\n", list->students[i].name, list->students[i].age, list->students[i].gender, list->students[i].idcard, list->students[i].call);
    }
	printf("\n\n\t\t已保存学生信息!!!");
    fclose(file);  // 关闭文件
}

7.主函数部分

int main() {
    StudentList list;
    initStudentList(&list);
    
    
    loadStudentList(&list);

    int choice;
    do {
        printf("\n\n\n");
	    printf("\t\t-------------------------------------------------\n");
	    printf("\t\t||              ----------------               ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||**************学生信息管理系统***************||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||              ----------------               ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||                                             ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.录入学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2.查询学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.修改学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.删除学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.显示学生列表~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6.退出~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||                                            ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||********************************************||\n");
    	printf("\n");
    	printf("\t\t请选择功能(1-6):");
        scanf("%d", &choice);

        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                addStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 2:
                selectStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 3:
                changeStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 4:
                delectStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 5:
                displayStudentList(list);
                break;    
            case 6:
                printf("\n\t\t正在退出程序...\n\n");
            	saveStudentList(&list);
                break;
            default:
                printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
        	saveStudentList(&list);
        }
    } while (choice != 6);

    return 0;
}

10.完整代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

//初始化操作 
typedef struct {
    char name[20];
    int age;
    char gender[10];
    char idcard[15];
    char call[15];
} Student;

typedef struct StudentList {
    Student students[MAX_SIZE];
    int length;
} StudentList;

void initStudentList(StudentList *list) {
    list->length = 0;
}

//录入学生信息 
void addStudent(StudentList *list, Student student) {
    if (list->length >= MAX_SIZE) {
        printf("学生列表已满!\n");
        return;
    }
    list->students[list->length++] = student;
    printf("学生添加成功!\n");
}

void addStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
	Student student;
	printf("请输入学生姓名:");
    scanf("%s", student.name);
    printf("请输入学生年龄:");
    scanf("%d", &student.age);
    printf("请输入学生性别:");
    scanf("%s", student.gender);
    printf("请输入学生学号:");
    scanf("%s",student.idcard); 
    printf("请输入学生电话号码:");
    scanf("%s",student.call);
    addStudent(list, student);
}

//通过学号查询学生信息
int searchStudent(StudentList *list, char *idcard) {
    for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
        if (strcmp(list->students[i].idcard, idcard) == 0) {
            return i;  // 返回学生在数组中的索引
        }
    }
    return 0;  // 如果找不到匹配的学生,返回-1表示失败
}

int selectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
	char selectidcard[15];
	printf("请输入要查询的学生的学号:"); 
	scanf("%s",selectidcard);
	 
	int i = searchStudent(list,selectidcard);
	if(i+1){
		printf("姓名:%s\n", list->students[i].name);
        printf("年龄:%d\n", list->students[i].age);
        printf("性别:%s\n", list->students[i].gender);
        printf("学号:%s\n", list->students[i].idcard);
        printf("电话号码:%s\n", list->students[i].call);
    } else {
        printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
        return 0;
	}
	return i;
}

//修改学生信息
void changeStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
	int i = selectStudentMenu(list);
	
	int choice;
	
	while(i != 0 || choice != 6){
		printf("您想修改那些信息:\n");
		printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~1.姓名~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
	   	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~2.年龄~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
   		printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~3.性别~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~4.学号~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~5.电话号码~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~6.退出~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
		printf("\n");
    	printf("\t\t请选择(1-6):");
    	scanf("%d", &choice); 
    	
    	switch(choice){
    		case 1:
    			char name_1[20];
    			printf("请输入你要修改的名字:\n");
    			scanf("%s",name_1); 
    			strcpy(list->students[i].name, name_1);
                break;
             case 2:
                int age_1;
                printf("请输入你要修改的年龄:\n");
                scanf("%d", &age_1);
                list->students[i].age = age_1;
                break;
            case 3:
                char gender_1[10];
                printf("请输入你要修改的性别:\n");
                scanf(" %s", &gender_1);
                strcpy(list->students[i].gender, gender_1);
                break;
            case 4:
                char idcard_1[11];
                printf("请输入你要修改的学号:\n");
                scanf("%s", idcard_1);
                strcpy(list->students[i].idcard, idcard_1);
                break;
            case 5:
                char call_1[20];
                printf("请输入你要修改的电话号码:\n");
                scanf("%s", call_1);
                strcpy(list->students[i].call, call_1);
                break;
            case 6:
            	printf("正在返回主菜单...\n");
                break;
            default:
				printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
		}
	}
}

//删除学生信息
void delectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
    char idcard[15];
    printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
    scanf("%s", idcard);
    int i = searchStudent(list, idcard);
    
    printf("该学生的姓名是:%s 请确认是否删除(T/F)!",list->students[i].name);
	while (getchar() != '\n');  // 清空输入缓冲区
    
    if (getchar() == 'T') {
        if (i+1) {
            for (int j = i; j < list->length - 1; j++) {
                list->students[j] = list->students[j + 1];
            }
            list->length--;
            printf("学生信息删除成功!\n");
        } else {
            printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
        }
    } else if (getchar() == 'F') {
        printf("正在返回主菜单...\n"); 
    }else{
		printf("输入错误!!!\n"); 
	}
}

 
//显示学生列表 
void displayStudentList(StudentList list) {
    printf("姓名\t\t年龄\t\t性别\t\t学号\t\t电话号码\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
        printf("%s\t\t%d\t\t%s\t\t", list.students[i].name, list.students[i].age, list.students[i].gender);
        printf("%s\t\t%s\n", list.students[i].idcard, list.students[i].call);
    }
}

// 从文件加载学生信息
void loadStudentList(StudentList *list) {
    FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "r");  // 打开文件以读取学生信息
    if (file == NULL) {
        printf("学生信息加载失败!!!\n");
        return;
    }

    Student student;
    while (fscanf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s", student.name, &student.age, student.gender, student.idcard, student.call) != EOF) {
        addStudent(list, student);  // 将加载的学生信息添加到链表中
		system("cls"); // 清除屏幕上的内容
    }
    printf("\n\n\t\t成功加载学生信息!!!"); 

    fclose(file);  // 关闭文件
}

// 保存学生信息到文件
void saveStudentList(StudentList *list) {
    FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "w");  // 打开文件以写入学生信息
    if (file == NULL) {
        printf("保存失败!\n");
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
        fprintf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s\n", list->students[i].name, list->students[i].age, list->students[i].gender, list->students[i].idcard, list->students[i].call);
    }
	printf("\n\n\t\t已保存学生信息!!!");
    fclose(file);  // 关闭文件
}


int main() {
    StudentList list;
    initStudentList(&list);
    
    
    loadStudentList(&list);

    int choice;
    do {
        printf("\n\n\n");
	    printf("\t\t-------------------------------------------------\n");
	    printf("\t\t||              ----------------               ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||**************学生信息管理系统***************||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||              ----------------               ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||                                             ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.录入学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2.查询学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.修改学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.删除学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.显示学生列表~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6. 退出~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||                                             ||\n");
    	printf("\t\t||*********************************************||\n");
    	printf("\n");
    	printf("\t\t请选择功能(1-6):");
        scanf("%d", &choice);

        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                addStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 2:
                selectStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 3:
                changeStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 4:
                delectStudentMenu(&list);
                break;
            case 5:
                displayStudentList(list);
                break;    
            case 6:
                printf("\n\t\t正在退出程序...\n\n");
            	saveStudentList(&list);
                break;
            default:
                printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
        	saveStudentList(&list);
        }
    } while (choice != 6);

    return 0;
}

 

小结

以上就是我代码的全部,有啥问题可以留言,看到了我会回复!!!

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