概要
通过c语言,运用顺序表数据结构,加上文件操作,做出了一个能够存储信息,可拓展的学生信息管理系统,只增加了初始的几个功能,剩下的算是留给你们了。
整体架构流程
1.所引用的头文件及预处理
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 100
2.初始化操作
//初始化操作 (两个结构体)
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
char gender[10];
char idcard[15];
char call[15];
} Student;
typedef struct StudentList {
Student students[MAX_SIZE];
int length;
} StudentList;
//这是初始化顺序表的函数
void initStudentList(StudentList *list) {
list->length = 0;
}
3.录入学生信息
//录入学生信息
void addStudent(StudentList *list, Student student) {
if (list->length >= MAX_SIZE) {
printf("学生列表已满!\n");
return;
}
list->students[list->length++] = student;
printf("学生添加成功!\n");
}
void addStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
Student student;
printf("请输入学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", student.name);
printf("请输入学生年龄:");
scanf("%d", &student.age);
printf("请输入学生性别:");
scanf("%s", student.gender);
printf("请输入学生学号:");
scanf("%s",student.idcard);
printf("请输入学生电话号码:");
scanf("%s",student.call);
addStudent(list, student);
}
这原本是一个函数,我分成了两部分,一部分负责操作,一部分负责主函数目录中的指引输入。
4.通过学号查询学生信息
//通过学号查询学生信息
int searchStudent(StudentList *list, char *idcard) {
for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
if (strcmp(list->students[i].idcard, idcard) == 0) {
return i; // 返回学生在数组中的索引
}
}
return 0; // 如果找不到匹配的学生,返回-1表示失败
}
int selectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
char selectidcard[15];
printf("请输入要查询的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s",selectidcard);
int i = searchStudent(list,selectidcard);
if(i+1){
printf("姓名:%s\n", list->students[i].name);
printf("年龄:%d\n", list->students[i].age);
printf("性别:%s\n", list->students[i].gender);
printf("学号:%s\n", list->students[i].idcard);
printf("电话号码:%s\n", list->students[i].call);
} else {
printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
return 0;
}
return i;
}
5. 修改学生信息
void changeStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
int i = selectStudentMenu(list);
int choice;
while(i != 0 || choice != 6){
printf("您想修改那些信息:\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~1.姓名~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~2.年龄~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~3.性别~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~4.学号~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~5.电话号码~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~6.退出~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t请选择(1-6):");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice){
case 1:
char name_1[20];
printf("请输入你要修改的名字:\n");
scanf("%s",name_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].name, name_1);
break;
case 2:
int age_1;
printf("请输入你要修改的年龄:\n");
scanf("%d", &age_1);
list->students[i].age = age_1;
break;
case 3:
char gender_1[10];
printf("请输入你要修改的性别:\n");
scanf(" %s", &gender_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].gender, gender_1);
break;
case 4:
char idcard_1[11];
printf("请输入你要修改的学号:\n");
scanf("%s", idcard_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].idcard, idcard_1);
break;
case 5:
char call_1[20];
printf("请输入你要修改的电话号码:\n");
scanf("%s", call_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].call, call_1);
break;
case 6:
printf("正在返回主菜单...\n");
break;
default:
printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
}
}
}
在这个函数中我引用了上一个函数。
4.删除学生信息(通过学号)
void delectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
char idcard[15];
printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s", idcard);
int i = searchStudent(list, idcard);
printf("该学生的姓名是:%s 请确认是否删除(T/F)!",list->students[i].name);
while (getchar() != '\n'); // 清空输入缓冲区
if (getchar() == 'T') {
if (i+1) {
for (int j = i; j < list->length - 1; j++) {
list->students[j] = list->students[j + 1];
}
list->length--;
printf("学生信息删除成功!\n");
} else {
printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
}
} else if (getchar() == 'F') {
printf("正在返回主菜单...\n");
}else{
printf("输入错误!!!\n");
}
}
5. 显示学生列表
void displayStudentList(StudentList list) {
printf("姓名\t\t年龄\t\t性别\t\t学号\t\t电话号码\n");
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
printf("%s\t\t%d\t\t%s\t\t", list.students[i].name, list.students[i].age, list.students[i].gender);
printf("%s\t\t%s\n", list.students[i].idcard, list.students[i].call);
}
}
6. 文件操作
// 从文件加载学生信息
void loadStudentList(StudentList *list) {
FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "r"); // 打开文件以读取学生信息
if (file == NULL) {
printf("学生信息加载失败!!!\n");
return;
}
Student student;
while (fscanf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s", student.name, &student.age, student.gender, student.idcard, student.call) != EOF) {
addStudent(list, student); // 将加载的学生信息添加到链表中
system("cls"); // 清除屏幕上的内容
}
printf("\n\n\t\t成功加载学生信息!!!");
fclose(file); // 关闭文件
}
// 保存学生信息到文件
void saveStudentList(StudentList *list) {
FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "w"); // 打开文件以写入学生信息
if (file == NULL) {
printf("保存失败!\n");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
fprintf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s\n", list->students[i].name, list->students[i].age, list->students[i].gender, list->students[i].idcard, list->students[i].call);
}
printf("\n\n\t\t已保存学生信息!!!");
fclose(file); // 关闭文件
}
7.主函数部分
int main() {
StudentList list;
initStudentList(&list);
loadStudentList(&list);
int choice;
do {
printf("\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t-------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("\t\t|| ---------------- ||\n");
printf("\t\t||**************学生信息管理系统***************||\n");
printf("\t\t|| ---------------- ||\n");
printf("\t\t|| ||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.录入学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2.查询学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.修改学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.删除学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.显示学生列表~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6.退出~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t|| ||\n");
printf("\t\t||********************************************||\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t请选择功能(1-6):");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
addStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 2:
selectStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 3:
changeStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 4:
delectStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 5:
displayStudentList(list);
break;
case 6:
printf("\n\t\t正在退出程序...\n\n");
saveStudentList(&list);
break;
default:
printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
saveStudentList(&list);
}
} while (choice != 6);
return 0;
}
10.完整代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_SIZE 100
//初始化操作
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
char gender[10];
char idcard[15];
char call[15];
} Student;
typedef struct StudentList {
Student students[MAX_SIZE];
int length;
} StudentList;
void initStudentList(StudentList *list) {
list->length = 0;
}
//录入学生信息
void addStudent(StudentList *list, Student student) {
if (list->length >= MAX_SIZE) {
printf("学生列表已满!\n");
return;
}
list->students[list->length++] = student;
printf("学生添加成功!\n");
}
void addStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
Student student;
printf("请输入学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", student.name);
printf("请输入学生年龄:");
scanf("%d", &student.age);
printf("请输入学生性别:");
scanf("%s", student.gender);
printf("请输入学生学号:");
scanf("%s",student.idcard);
printf("请输入学生电话号码:");
scanf("%s",student.call);
addStudent(list, student);
}
//通过学号查询学生信息
int searchStudent(StudentList *list, char *idcard) {
for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
if (strcmp(list->students[i].idcard, idcard) == 0) {
return i; // 返回学生在数组中的索引
}
}
return 0; // 如果找不到匹配的学生,返回-1表示失败
}
int selectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
char selectidcard[15];
printf("请输入要查询的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s",selectidcard);
int i = searchStudent(list,selectidcard);
if(i+1){
printf("姓名:%s\n", list->students[i].name);
printf("年龄:%d\n", list->students[i].age);
printf("性别:%s\n", list->students[i].gender);
printf("学号:%s\n", list->students[i].idcard);
printf("电话号码:%s\n", list->students[i].call);
} else {
printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
return 0;
}
return i;
}
//修改学生信息
void changeStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
int i = selectStudentMenu(list);
int choice;
while(i != 0 || choice != 6){
printf("您想修改那些信息:\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~1.姓名~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~2.年龄~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~3.性别~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~4.学号~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~5.电话号码~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~6.退出~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t请选择(1-6):");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice){
case 1:
char name_1[20];
printf("请输入你要修改的名字:\n");
scanf("%s",name_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].name, name_1);
break;
case 2:
int age_1;
printf("请输入你要修改的年龄:\n");
scanf("%d", &age_1);
list->students[i].age = age_1;
break;
case 3:
char gender_1[10];
printf("请输入你要修改的性别:\n");
scanf(" %s", &gender_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].gender, gender_1);
break;
case 4:
char idcard_1[11];
printf("请输入你要修改的学号:\n");
scanf("%s", idcard_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].idcard, idcard_1);
break;
case 5:
char call_1[20];
printf("请输入你要修改的电话号码:\n");
scanf("%s", call_1);
strcpy(list->students[i].call, call_1);
break;
case 6:
printf("正在返回主菜单...\n");
break;
default:
printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
}
}
}
//删除学生信息
void delectStudentMenu(StudentList *list){
char idcard[15];
printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s", idcard);
int i = searchStudent(list, idcard);
printf("该学生的姓名是:%s 请确认是否删除(T/F)!",list->students[i].name);
while (getchar() != '\n'); // 清空输入缓冲区
if (getchar() == 'T') {
if (i+1) {
for (int j = i; j < list->length - 1; j++) {
list->students[j] = list->students[j + 1];
}
list->length--;
printf("学生信息删除成功!\n");
} else {
printf("没有找到匹配的学生信息。\n");
}
} else if (getchar() == 'F') {
printf("正在返回主菜单...\n");
}else{
printf("输入错误!!!\n");
}
}
//显示学生列表
void displayStudentList(StudentList list) {
printf("姓名\t\t年龄\t\t性别\t\t学号\t\t电话号码\n");
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
printf("%s\t\t%d\t\t%s\t\t", list.students[i].name, list.students[i].age, list.students[i].gender);
printf("%s\t\t%s\n", list.students[i].idcard, list.students[i].call);
}
}
// 从文件加载学生信息
void loadStudentList(StudentList *list) {
FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "r"); // 打开文件以读取学生信息
if (file == NULL) {
printf("学生信息加载失败!!!\n");
return;
}
Student student;
while (fscanf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s", student.name, &student.age, student.gender, student.idcard, student.call) != EOF) {
addStudent(list, student); // 将加载的学生信息添加到链表中
system("cls"); // 清除屏幕上的内容
}
printf("\n\n\t\t成功加载学生信息!!!");
fclose(file); // 关闭文件
}
// 保存学生信息到文件
void saveStudentList(StudentList *list) {
FILE *file = fopen("student.txt", "w"); // 打开文件以写入学生信息
if (file == NULL) {
printf("保存失败!\n");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
fprintf(file, "%s %d %s %s %s\n", list->students[i].name, list->students[i].age, list->students[i].gender, list->students[i].idcard, list->students[i].call);
}
printf("\n\n\t\t已保存学生信息!!!");
fclose(file); // 关闭文件
}
int main() {
StudentList list;
initStudentList(&list);
loadStudentList(&list);
int choice;
do {
printf("\n\n\n");
printf("\t\t-------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("\t\t|| ---------------- ||\n");
printf("\t\t||**************学生信息管理系统***************||\n");
printf("\t\t|| ---------------- ||\n");
printf("\t\t|| ||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.录入学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2.查询学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3.修改学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.删除学生信息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5.显示学生列表~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t||~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6. 退出~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~||\n");
printf("\t\t|| ||\n");
printf("\t\t||*********************************************||\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t请选择功能(1-6):");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
addStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 2:
selectStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 3:
changeStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 4:
delectStudentMenu(&list);
break;
case 5:
displayStudentList(list);
break;
case 6:
printf("\n\t\t正在退出程序...\n\n");
saveStudentList(&list);
break;
default:
printf("无效的选项,请重新输入。\n");
saveStudentList(&list);
}
} while (choice != 6);
return 0;
}
小结
以上就是我代码的全部,有啥问题可以留言,看到了我会回复!!!