目录
一、简介
工厂模式
又称为工厂方法模式,是一种创建型设计模式,其在父类中提供一个创建对象的方法,允许子类决定实例化对象的类型。
这种设计模式也是Java开发中最长见的一种模式,它的主要意图是定义一个创建对象的接口,让其子类自己决定实例化那个工厂类,工厂模式使其创建过程延迟到子类进行。
简单来说就是为了提供代码结构的扩展性,屏蔽每一个功能类中的具体实现逻辑,让外部可以更加简单的只是知道调用即可,同时,这也是去掉众多ifelse
的方式。当然这可能也有一点缺点,比如需要实现的类非常多,如何去维护,怎样降低开发成本。这些问题都可以在后续的设计模式结合使用中,逐步降低。
二、环境准备
环境
IDEA、JDK1.8、Maven
场景介绍
模拟发奖多种商品:
Pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.62</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- LOGGING begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.0.9</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
三、使用ifelse实现业务场景
代码实现
/**
* @author :LiuShihao
* @date :Created in 2021/12/2 4:48 下午
* @desc :模拟奖品发放
*/
public class PrizeController {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PrizeController.class);
public AwardRes awardToUser(AwardReq req) {
String reqJson = JSON.toJSONString(req);
AwardRes awardRes = null;
try {
logger.info("奖品发放开始"+req.getuId()+"。req:{}", reqJson);
// 按照不同类型方法商品[1优惠券、2实物商品、3第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)]
if (req.getAwardType() == 1) {
CouponService couponService = new CouponService();
CouponResult couponResult = couponService.sendCoupon(req.getuId(), req.getAwardNumber(), req.getBizId());
if ("0000".equals(couponResult.getCode())) {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
} else {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", couponResult.getInfo());
}
} else if (req.getAwardType() == 2) {
GoodsService goodsService = new GoodsService();
DeliverReq deliverReq = new DeliverReq();
deliverReq.setUserName(queryUserName(req.getuId()));
deliverReq.setUserPhone(queryUserPhoneNumber(req.getuId()));
deliverReq.setSku(req.getAwardNumber());
deliverReq.setOrderId(req.getBizId());
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserName(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserName"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserPhone(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserPhone"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserAddress(req.getExtMap().get("consigneeUserAddress"));
Boolean isSuccess = goodsService.deliverGoods(deliverReq);
if (isSuccess) {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
} else {
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", "发放失败");
}
} else if (req.getAwardType() == 3) {
String bindMobileNumber = queryUserPhoneNumber(req.getuId());
IQiYiCardService iQiYiCardService = new IQiYiCardService();
iQiYiCardService.grantToken(bindMobileNumber, req.getAwardNumber());
awardRes = new AwardRes("0000", "发放成功");
}
logger.info("奖品发放完成{}。", req.getuId());
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("奖品发放失败{}。req:{}", req.getuId(), reqJson, e);
awardRes = new AwardRes("0001", e.getMessage());
}
return awardRes;
}
private String queryUserName(String uId) {
return "花花";
}
private String queryUserPhoneNumber(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}
使用ifelse
来实现,在业务逻辑比较简单的情况下,可以看到实现非常简单,但是随着业务的发展,逻辑越来复杂,这种代码会越来越难以维护。
测试
使用测试类进行测试:
四、使用设计模式优化改造
通过StoreFactory
获取对应的ICommodity
接口的实现类,通过对应的商品发放服务实现业务逻辑。
StoreFactory 工厂类
/**
* @author :LiuShihao
* @date :Created in 2021/12/2 5:29 下午
* @desc :商店 工厂
*/
public class StoreFactory {
/**
* 获得商品服务(优惠券、实体商品、会员卡)
* @param commodityType
* @return
*/
public ICommodity getCommodityService(Integer commodityType) {
if (null == commodityType) return null;
if (1 == commodityType) return new CouponCommodityService();
if (2 == commodityType) return new GoodsCommodityService();
if (3 == commodityType) return new CardCommodityService();
throw new RuntimeException("不存在的商品服务类型");
}
}
ICommodity 定义商品服务接口
/**
* @author :LiuShihao
* @date :Created in 2021/12/2 5:30 下午
* @desc :商品接口
*/
public interface ICommodity {
/**
*
* @param uId 用户唯一ID
* @param commodityId 商品服务ID 奖品类型(可以用枚举定义);1优惠券、2实物商品、3第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
* @param bizId 业务ID,防重复
* @param extMap 扩展信息
* @throws Exception
*/
void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception;
}
CardCommodityService
CardCommodityService 发放会员卡服务实现类:
/**
* @author :LiuShihao
* @date :Created in 2021/12/2 5:31 下午
* @desc :发放会员卡服务实现类:
*/
public class CardCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CardCommodityService.class);
// 模拟注入
private IQiYiCardService iQiYiCardService = new IQiYiCardService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
String mobile = queryUserMobile(uId);
iQiYiCardService.grantToken(mobile, bizId);
logger.info("请求参数[爱奇艺兑换卡] => uId:{} commodityId:{} bizId:{} extMap:{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[爱奇艺兑换卡]:success");
}
private String queryUserMobile(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}
CouponCommodityService
CouponCommodityService 发放优惠券服务实现类
/**
* @author :LiuShihao
* @date :Created in 2021/12/2 5:31 下午
* @desc :发放优惠券服务实现类
*/
public class CouponCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CouponCommodityService.class);
private CouponService couponService = new CouponService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
CouponResult couponResult = couponService.sendCoupon(uId, commodityId, bizId);
logger.info("请求参数[优惠券] => uId:{} commodityId:{} bizId:{} extMap:{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[优惠券]:{}", JSON.toJSON(couponResult));
if (!"0000".equals(couponResult.getCode())) throw new RuntimeException(couponResult.getInfo());
}
}
GoodsCommodityService
GoodsCommodityService 发放实体商品服务实现类:
/**
* @author :LiuShihao
* @date :Created in 2021/12/2 5:31 下午
* @desc : 发放实体商品服务实现类
*/
public class GoodsCommodityService implements ICommodity {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GoodsCommodityService.class);
private GoodsService goodsService = new GoodsService();
public void sendCommodity(String uId, String commodityId, String bizId, Map<String, String> extMap) throws Exception {
DeliverReq deliverReq = new DeliverReq();
deliverReq.setUserName(queryUserName(uId));
deliverReq.setUserPhone(queryUserPhoneNumber(uId));
deliverReq.setSku(commodityId);
deliverReq.setOrderId(bizId);
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserName(extMap.get("consigneeUserName"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserPhone(extMap.get("consigneeUserPhone"));
deliverReq.setConsigneeUserAddress(extMap.get("consigneeUserAddress"));
Boolean isSuccess = goodsService.deliverGoods(deliverReq);
logger.info("请求参数[优惠券] => uId:{} commodityId:{} bizId:{} extMap:{}", uId, commodityId, bizId, JSON.toJSON(extMap));
logger.info("测试结果[优惠券]:{}", isSuccess);
if (!isSuccess) throw new RuntimeException("实物商品发放失败");
}
private String queryUserName(String uId) {
return "花花";
}
private String queryUserPhoneNumber(String uId) {
return "15200101232";
}
}
测试
@Test
public void test_commodity() throws Exception {
StoreFactory storeFactory = new StoreFactory();
// 1. 优惠券
ICommodity commodityService_1 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(1);
commodityService_1.sendCommodity("10001", "EGM1023938910232121323432", "791098764902132", null);
// 2. 实物商品
ICommodity commodityService_2 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(2);
Map<String,String> extMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
extMap.put("consigneeUserName", "谢飞机");
extMap.put("consigneeUserPhone", "15200292123");
extMap.put("consigneeUserAddress", "吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109");
commodityService_2.sendCommodity("10001","9820198721311","1023000020112221113",new HashMap<String, String>() {{
put("consigneeUserName", "谢飞机");
put("consigneeUserPhone", "15200292123");
put("consigneeUserAddress", "吉林省.长春市.双阳区.XX街道.檀溪苑小区.#18-2109");
}});
// 3. 第三方兑换卡(爱奇艺)
ICommodity commodityService_3 = storeFactory.getCommodityService(3);
commodityService_3.sendCommodity("10001","AQY1xjkUodl8LO975GdfrYUio",null,null);
}