C++中简单自己实现一个string类

1. 工具VS2017
2. MyString.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class MyString
{
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &os, const MyString& s);
	friend istream & operator>>(istream &is, MyString& s);
public:
	MyString();
	//MyString(int len);// 创建一个长度为len 的string 对象
	MyString(const char *str);  //有参构造
	MyString(const MyString &another);  //拷贝构造
	~MyString();
	 
	 //重载操作符[]  << >> = +  ==  !=
	char &operator[](int index);
	MyString& operator=(const MyString & another);
	MyString operator+(const MyString & another);

private:
	int len;
	char *str;
};

3. MyString.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include "MyString.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;


MyString::MyString()
{
	this->len = 0;
	this->str = NULL;   //和‘\0’等价的
}
MyString::MyString(const char *str)
{
	if (str == NULL)
	{
		this->len = 0;
		this->str = new char[0 + 1];
		strcpy(this->str, "");
	}
	else
	{
		int len = strlen(str);
		this->len = len;

		this->str = new char[len + 1];
		strcpy(this->str, str);
	}
}

//初始化时被调用，不需要考虑垃圾回收
MyString::MyString(const MyString &another)
{
	this->len = another.len;
	this->str = new char[this->len + 1];
	strcpy(this->str, another.str);
}

MyString::~MyString()
{
	if (this->str != NULL)
	{
		cout << this->str << "执行了析构函数" << endl;
		delete this->str;
		this->str = NULL;
		this->len = 0;
	}
}
char& MyString::operator[](int index)
{
	return this->str[index];
}

MyString& MyString::operator=(const MyString & another)
{
	//1.检查是否为自身
	if (this == &another)
	{
		return *this;
	}
	//2.清空原垃圾
	if (this->str != NULL)
	{
		delete[] this->str;
		this->str = NULL;
		this->len = 0;
	}
	//3.深拷贝
	this->len = another.len;
	this->str = new char[this->len + 1];
	strcpy(this->str, another.str);
	return *this;
}

MyString MyString::operator+(const MyString & another)
{
	MyString temp;
	int len = this->len + another.len;
	temp.len = len;
	temp.str = new char[len + 1];
	//memset(temp.str, 0, len + 1);
	strcpy(temp.str, this->str);
	strcat(temp.str, another.str);
	return temp;
}



ostream & operator<<(ostream &os, const MyString& s)
{
	os << s.str<< endl;
	return os;
}
istream & operator>>(istream &is, MyString& s)
{
	//1.将s之前的字符串释放掉
	if (s.str != NULL)
	{
		delete[] s.str;
		s.str = NULL;
		s.len = 0;
	}
	//2.通过cin添加新的字符串
	char temp_str[4096] = { 0 };

	cin >> temp_str;
	int len = strlen(temp_str);
	s.len = len;
	s.str = new char[len + 1];
	strcpy(s.str, temp_str);

	return is;
}

4. main.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "MyString.h"

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	//string s1;
	MyString s1("abc");
	MyString s2("123");
	MyString s3 = "456";
	MyString s4("abcd");
	MyString temp = s3 + s4;
	s4 = s1 + s2 + (s3 + s4);
	cout << s4 << endl;
	cout << s1 + s2;
	cout << s1 << endl;
	cout << s2 << endl;
	cout << temp << endl;
	
	cin >> s4;
	cout << s4 << endl;

	//cout << s1 + s2 << endl;

	cout << s1 << endl;
	cout << s2 << endl;

	s1[1] = 'x';
	cout << s1 << endl;
	s1 = s3;
	cout << s1 << endl;


	return 0;
} 

5.总结
通过自己编写String类，来了解C++中string类的功能。