厦大2021届小学期C语言作业2【结构体】

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文章目录

结构体
案例一，计算员工工资的对应纳税额，并用文件读写
- 案例1.1
- 案例1.2
案例二，按公式计算学生的总评成绩，每科平均分、标准差，并打印。计算期末成绩的最高最低分，生成期末成绩直方图
- 案例2

结构体

1.定义含年月日的结构体变量，计算改日在本年中是第几天

#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
	struct Date {
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
	} date;
	scanf("%d%d%d", &date.year, &date.month, &date.day);
	int sum = 0;
	int a[13] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
	for (int i = 0; i < date.month; i++) {
		sum += a[i];
	}
	sum += date.day;
	if (date.month >= 3) { //第一次没过的原因，要先判断是否超过二月
		if (date.year % 4 == 0) {
			if ((date.year % 400 == 0) || (date.year % 100 != 0)) {
				sum += 1;
			}
		}
	}
	printf("%d", sum);
	return 0;
}

2. 写一个函数days，由主函数将年月日传递给days函数，计算后将总数传回主函数输出

#include<stdio.h>
int days(int year, int month, int day);
int main() {
	struct Date {
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
	} date;
	scanf("%d%d%d", &date.year, &date.month, &date.day);
	int total = days(date.year, date.month, date.day);
	printf("%d", total);
	return 0;
}
int days(int year, int month, int day) {
	int sum = 0;
	int a[13] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
	for (int i = 0; i < month; i++) {
		sum += a[i];
	}
	sum += day;
	if (month >= 3) { //第一次没过的原因，要先判断是否超过二月
		if (year % 4 == 0) {
			if ((year % 400 == 0) || (year % 100 != 0)) {
				sum += 1;
			}
		}
	}
	return sum;
}

3. 用结构体数组存储五个学生的数据并编写一个函数print输出

#include<stdio.h>
void print(struct Student stu[5]);
struct Student {
	int num;
	char name[8]={0};
	int score[3] = {0};
} stu[5];
int main() {
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		scanf("%d%s%d%d%d", &stu[i].num, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score[0], &stu[i].score[1], &stu[i].score[2]);
	}
	print(stu);
	return 0;
}
void print(struct Student stu[2]) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		printf("%d %s %d %d %d\n", stu[i].num, stu[i].name, stu[i].score[0], stu[i].score[1], stu[i].score[2]);
	}
}

4. 在3的基础上，编写一个input输入

#include<stdio.h>
void print(struct Student stu[5]);
void input(struct Student stu[5]);
struct Student {
	int num;
	char name[8]={0};
	int score[3] = {0};
} stu[5];
int main() {
	input(stu);
	print(stu);
	return 0;
}
void print(struct Student stu[5]) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		printf("%d %s %d %d %d\n", stu[i].num, stu[i].name, stu[i].score[0], stu[i].score[1], stu[i].score[2]);
	}
}
void input(struct Student stu[5]) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		scanf("%d%s%d%d%d", &stu[i].num, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score[0], &stu[i].score[1], &stu[i].score[2]);
	}
}

5.计算三门课程总平均成绩，并输出三门课程均分最高的学生的数据

#include<stdio.h>
void print(struct Student stu[]);
void input(struct Student stu[]);
struct Student {
	int num;
	char name[8] = {0};
	int score[3] = {0};
} stu[10];
int main() {
	input(stu);
	print(stu);
	return 0;
}
void print(struct Student stu[5]) {
	float sum = 0, aver = 0, max = -1;
	int p;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		sum = sum + (stu[i].score[0] + stu[i].score[1]+stu[i].score[2]);
		aver = (stu[i].score[0] + stu[i].score[1] + stu[i].score[2]) / 3.0;
		if (aver > max) {
			max = aver;
			p = i;
		}
	}
	printf("%f\n", sum / 30.0); //三门课程总平均成绩
	printf("%d %s %d %d %d", stu[p].num, stu[p].name, stu[p].score[0], stu[p].score[1], stu[p].score[2]);//最高分学生的数据
}
void input(struct Student stu[10]) {
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		scanf("%d%s%d%d%d", &stu[i].num, stu[i].name, &stu[i].score[0], &stu[i].score[1], &stu[i].score[2]);
	}
}

案例一，计算员工工资的对应纳税额，并用文件读写

题目描述：
仔细阅读理解教辅13.1节《案例1 个人所得税计算》的程序、原理、流程、算法等，然后进行以下程序改进、完善：

1、起征点也写入文件中；
2、税率表级数也写入文件中；输入/修改功能；
3、表格中数据统一类型，用数组代替结构体；
4、税率表只存上限，不存下限；
5、另一个文件中存若干人员的工资信息，
6、程序计算每人的纳税额，增加一栏，存文件中
注：为C语言程序设计谭浩强第五版学习辅导

案例1.1

#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 9
#define NUMBER 3
typedef struct people {
	char name[50] = {0};
	long salary = 0;
} PERSON;
void acceptdata(long tax_list[][4]);
void acceptdata2(PERSON sum[NUMBER]);
int main() {
	long start;
	printf("请输入起征点:\n");
	scanf("%ld", &start);
	FILE *fp1;
	long tax_list[SIZE][4] = {0}; //3.统一数据类型，用数组代替结构体
	if ((fp1 = fopen("TAX.din", "wb")) == NULL) { 
		printf("\ncannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	acceptdata(tax_list);
	fwrite(&start, sizeof(long), 1, fp1); //1.起征点放入文件头
	for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) { //二维数组写进文件
		fwrite(tax_list[i], sizeof(long), 4, fp1);
	}
	fclose(fp1);
	FILE *fp2;
	PERSON sum[NUMBER];
	if ((fp2 = fopen("PERSON.din", "wb")) == NULL) { //5.另一文件中存若干人员的工资信息
		printf("\ncannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	acceptdata2(sum);
	if ((fwrite(sum, sizeof(PERSON), NUMBER, fp2)) != NUMBER) { //写入文件
		printf("2.file write error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fclose(fp2);
	return 0;
}
void acceptdata(long tax_list[][4]) {//从键盘读入数据
	for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
		tax_list[i][0] = i + 1; //级数从1开始。2.税率表级数写入文件
		printf("Please enter data:\n");
		scanf("%ld", &tax_list[i][1]);//上限  4.只存上限
		scanf("%ld", &tax_list[i][2]);//税率
		scanf("%ld", &tax_list[i][3]);//速算扣除数
	}
}
void acceptdata2(PERSON sum[NUMBER]) {//从键盘读入数据
	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++) {
		printf("Please enter data:\n");
		scanf("%s", sum[i].name);//姓名
		scanf("%ld", &sum[i].salary ); //工资
	}
}

案例1.2

#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 9
#define NUMBER 3
typedef struct people {
	char name[50] = {0};
	long salary = 0;
} PERSON;
PERSON sum[NUMBER];
void disp(long tax_list[][4], PERSON sum[NUMBER], long start);
int main() {
	long start;
	FILE *fp1;
	long tax_list[SIZE][4];//级数，上限，税率，速算扣除数
	if ((fp1 = fopen("TAX.din", "rb")) == NULL) {
		printf("\ncannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fread(&start, sizeof(long), 1, fp1);//读取起征税点
	for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {//存入二维数组
		fread(tax_list[i], sizeof(long), 4, fp1);
	}
	fclose(fp1);

	FILE *fp2;
	if ((fp2 = fopen("PERSON.din", "rb")) == NULL) {
		printf("\ncannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (fread(sum, sizeof(PERSON), NUMBER, fp2) != NUMBER) {//存入结构体
		printf("2.file read error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fclose(fp2);
	disp(tax_list, sum, start);
	return 0;
}
void disp(long tax_list[][4], PERSON sum[NUMBER], long start) {
	long tax[NUMBER] = {0};
	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) {
			if (sum[i].salary > tax_list[j][1]) {
				tax[i] = (sum[i].salary - start) * tax_list[j][2]/100 - tax_list[j][3];
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; i++)//检查纳税额计算是否正确
		printf("%ld ", tax[i]);
	FILE *fp3;
	if ((fp3 = fopen("PERSON.din", "w+b")) == NULL) {
		printf("3.file read error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if ((fwrite(tax, sizeof(long), NUMBER, fp3)) != NUMBER) {//6.纳税额存入文件
		printf("4.file write error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fclose(fp3);
}

测试数据:

1600
0 5 0
500 10 25
2000 15 125
5000 20 375
20000 25 1375
40000 30 3375
60000 35 6375
80000 40 10375
100000 45 15375
LIMING
8000
XIAOHONG
3000

在这里插入图片描述

案例二，按公式计算学生的总评成绩，每科平均分、标准差，并打印。计算期末成绩的最高最低分，生成期末成绩直方图

题目描述:
仔细阅读理解教辅13.2节《案例2 学生试卷分数统计》的程序、原理、流程、算法等，然后进行以下程序改进、完善：

1、输入程序、调试程序，使程序能正确运行。
2、查出并修正程序中的错误。
3、改进、完善程序中你认为写得不好的地方。
4、增加、完善程序功能：
1）输入数据及统计数据存入磁盘文件中，
2）平时、总评成绩也统计、算标准差，
3）增加期中成绩，总评成绩保留1位小数…
5、按成绩排序（多关键字）
6、思考：只有1~2位小数的浮点数的整数算法。

案例2

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define SIZE 5

typedef struct student {
	int number;
	int score[4];                          //平时、期中、期末、总评
} STUDENT;
int m;//全局声明
int accept_data(STUDENT stu[], int grade[]);
void show_data(STUDENT stu[], int sum, int grade[]);

void draw(int grade[]);
void count(int *max, int *min, double *pass, double ave[], double f[], STUDENT stu[], int sum);
void show_data2(int max, int min, double pass, double ave[], double f[]);
void sort_print(STUDENT stu[], int sum);
int cmp(const void *a, const void *b, int m);
int main() {
	STUDENT stu[SIZE];
	int sum, max, min; //总人数,期末成绩最大最小值
	int grade[11] = {0};//总评成绩10分数段统计
	double ave[4] = {0}, f[4] = {0}	, pass = 0; //求平均成绩、标准差用,pass：期末成绩合格率
	sum = accept_data(stu, grade);                   //输入
	show_data(stu, sum, grade);                         //显示
	draw(grade);                                            //画期末成绩直方图
	count(&max, &min, &pass, ave, f, stu, sum); //统算
	show_data2(max, min, pass, ave, f);            //显示


	while (~scanf("%d", &m)) {
		char s[4][10] = {"平时", "期中", "期末", "总评"};
		printf("按照%s成绩排序\n", s[m]);
		sort_print(stu, sum);
	}
	return 0;
}

int accept_data(STUDENT stu[], int grade[]) {
	int i = 0, sum, temp = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 0, a3 = 0;

	printf("请输入计算总评成绩时使用平时、期中、期末成绩的比例，用整数表示");
	scanf("%d%d%d", &a1, &a2, &a3);
	while (i < SIZE) { //输入不到size就会跳出
		printf("\n请输入学号：");
		scanf("%d", &stu[i].number);
		if (stu[i].number == -1) {//-1表示结束
			sum = i;
			break;
		}
		printf("\n请依次输入学生的平时成绩、期中成绩、期末成绩：");
		int flag = 1;
		while (flag == 1) {
			scanf("%d%d%d", &stu[i].score[0], &stu[i].score[1], &stu[i].score[2]);
			if (stu[i].score[0] <= 100 && stu[i].score[0] >= 0 && stu[i].score[1] <= 100 && stu[i].score[1] >= 0 && stu[i].score[2] <= 100 && stu[i].score[2] >= 0)
				flag = 0;
			else
				printf("\n\007错误数据！请再次输入学生的平时成绩、期中成绩、期末成绩：");
		}
		temp = (int)(1.0 * a1 / 100 * stu[i].score[0] + 1.0 * a2 / 100 * stu[i].score[1] + 1.0 * a3 / 100 * stu[i].score[2]);
		stu[i].score[3] = (float)((int)((temp + 0.5) * 10)) / 10.0; //总评存入数组，保留一位小数

		temp = (stu[i].score[2]) / 10;//错误1.
		//统计期末考十个分数段人数
		if (temp == 10)
			grade[10] ++;
		else
			grade[temp + 1] ++;
		++ i;
	}
	return sum;

}
void show_data(STUDENT stu[], int sum, int grade[]) {
	for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {
		printf("%4d", stu[i].number);
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
			printf("%4d", stu[i].score[j]);
		}
		putchar('\n');//2.改\n为\f，换页输出
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
		printf("%d ", grade[i]);
	}
	FILE *fp1;
	if ((fp1 = fopen("IN.bin", "wb")) == NULL) {
		printf("\n1.cannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if ((fwrite(stu, sizeof(STUDENT), sum, fp1)) != sum) {
		printf("1.file write error\1");
		exit(1);
	}
	fclose(fp1);

}
void count(int *max, int *min, double * pass, double ave[], double f[], STUDENT stu[], int sum) {
	int  p_sum = 0;//p_sum--期末成绩及格人数
	int total[4] = {0}; //4.定义时直接初始化
	*max = *min = stu[0].score[2];
	if (stu[0].score[2] >= 60)
		p_sum++;
	for (int i = 1; i < sum; i++) {//i从1开始，找出期末成绩的最大最小值
		if ((stu[i].score[2]) > *max)
			*max = stu[i].score[2];
		if ((stu[i].score[2]) < *min)
			*min = stu[i].score[2];
		if (stu[i].score[2] >= 60)
			p_sum++;
	}
	*pass = (1.0 * p_sum / (double)sum) * 100.0;//期末成绩及格率（去%表示）3.改100->1,统一格式
	for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
		for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {
			total[j] += stu[i].score[j];//5.改成+=，更简洁易读
		}
		ave[j] = (double)total[j] / (double)sum;//6.可省略浪费的for循环
	}

	for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
		for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {
			double temp = (double)stu[i].score[j] - ave[j];
			f[j] += temp * temp;//8.改为+=
		}
		f[j] = sqrt(f[j] / (double)sum); //9.fabs可省，temp*temp恒为正
	}
}
void show_data2(int max, int min, double pass, double ave[], double f[]) {
	char str1[4][20] = {"平时成绩平均分", "期中成绩平均分", "期末成绩平均分", "总评成绩平均分"};
	char str2[4][20] = {"平时成绩标准差", "期中成绩标准差", "期末成绩标准差", "总评成绩标准差"};
	printf("\n期末成绩及格率=%6.2f %%期末最高分=%d 期末最低分=%d\n", pass, max, min);
	for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
		printf("\n%s=%6.2f \n%s=%6.2f\n", str1[j], ave[j], str2[j], f[j]);
	}
	FILE *fp2;
	if ((fp2 = fopen("OUT.bin", "wb")) == NULL) {
		printf("\n2.cannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fwrite(str1, sizeof(str1[0]), 4, fp2);
	fwrite(ave, sizeof(double), 4, fp2);
	fwrite(str2, sizeof(str2[0]), 4, fp2);
	fwrite(f, sizeof(double), 4, fp2);
	fclose(fp2);
}
void draw(int grade[]) {
	int   max = -0x3f3f3f,	k = 1;
	char screen[22][42] = {0};
	printf("\n模拟期末考成绩直方图\n");

	for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
		if (grade[i] > max)
			max = grade[i];
		grade[i] = (int)(20.0 * grade[i] / max + 0.5);//最多人数对应y=20
	}

	for (int i = 0; i <= 40; i++) {
		screen[21][i] = '-';
	}
	screen[21][41] = 'X';
	screen[0][0] = 'Y';
	for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++)
		screen[i][0] = '|';

	for (int x = 1; x <= 10; x++, k += 4) {
		int temp = grade[x];
		if (temp != 0) {
			for (int i = 1; i <= temp; i++) {
				for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++) {
					screen[20 - i + 1][j + k] = '*';
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i <= 21; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j <= 41; j++)
			if (screen[i][j] != 0)
				printf("%c", screen[i][j]);
			else
				printf(" ");
		printf("\n");
	}
	printf(" 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100\n");
	getch();
}
int cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
	STUDENT *aa = (STUDENT*)a;
	STUDENT *bb = (STUDENT*)b;
	return (aa->score[m] < bb->score[m] ? 1 : -1);
}
void sort_print(STUDENT stu[], int sum) {
	qsort(stu, sum, sizeof(STUDENT), cmp);
	for (int i = 0; i < sum; i++) {
		printf("%4d", stu[i].number);
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
			printf("%4d", stu[i].score[j]);
		}
		putchar('\n');//2.改\n为\f，换页输出
	}
}