Spring入门学习手册 2:怎么用注解来DI/IOC
一、如果使用注解的话,在配置文件中应该做什么?
在beans标签后加上一个
<context:annotation-config/>
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标签来声明将要使用注解就可以了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--在此处加上此标签-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean name="c" class="com.learn.springDemo.Category">
<property name="name" value="Eather"></property>
<property name="id" value="12345"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="p" class="com.learn.springDemo.Product">
<property name="name" value="a product"></property>
<property name="id" value="1008611"></property>
<!--将下面这行注释掉,因为代码中将使用自动装配来将categroy实例注入product-->
<!--<property name="category" ref="c"></property>-->
</bean>
</beans>
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二、注解应该怎么用?
如果是使用@Autowired注解的话,可以加在两个地方前面。
属性前面 以及 setter方法前面。
如下代码:
package com.learn.springDemo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class Product {
private int id;
private String name;
//加在这个地方
@Autowired
private Category category;
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//加在这个地方
@Autowired
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return this.category;
}
}
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在这里必须要import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
运行结果:
a product's id is 1008611 and its category name is Eather
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三、注入同一个类的不同实例应该怎么办?
上一篇笔记 里提到了 xml里面可以写多个相同的bean吗 这个问题,也就是注入同一个类的不同实例应该怎么办?在使用xml配置时很简单,改一下name就行。
此时就可以使用@Resource注解
先改一下xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--在此处加上此标签-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean name="c" class="com.learn.springDemo.Category">
<property name="name" value="Eather"></property>
<property name="id" value="12345"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="cc" class="com.learn.springDemo.Category">
<property name="name" value="David"></property>
<property name="id" value="10086"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="p" class="com.learn.springDemo.Product">
<property name="name" value="a product"></property>
<property name="id" value="1008611"></property>
<!--将下面这行注释掉-->
<!--<property name="category" ref="c"></property>-->
</bean>
</beans>
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注解应该加在属性的前面
package com.learn.springDemo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
public class Product {
private int id;
private String name;
@Resource(name = "c")
private Category category;
@Resource(name = "cc")
private Category category1;
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
public void setCategory1(Category category1) {
this.category1 = category1;
}
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return this.category;
}
public Category getCategory1() {
return category1;
}
}
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测试代码:
package com.learn.springTest;
import com.learn.springDemo.Product;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"applicationContext.xml"});
Product p = (Product) ac.getBean("p");
System.out.println(p.getName() + "'s id is " + p.getId() + " and its category name is " + p.getCategory().getName() + " and " + p.getCategory1().getName());
}
}
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运行结果:
a product's id is 1008611 and its category name is Eather and David
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四、xml配置文件里可不可以 bean 也不写?
上述例子都是对 注入对象行为 的注解,对于bean对象本身的使用可不可以也用注解的方式进行,而不写到配置文件中呢?
答案当然是可以,修改一下配置文件,去掉所有beans和bean标签,加上
<context:component-scan base-package="com.learn.springDemo"/>
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base-package 用来指定要扫描的包。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--在此处加上此标签-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.learn.springDemo" />
</beans>
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类定义代码是:
package com.learn.springDemo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("c")
public class Category {
private int id;
private String name = "我是一个Category";
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
package com.learn.springDemo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("p")
public class Product {
private int id;
private String name = "我是一个product";
@Autowired
private Category category;
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
public int getId() {
return this.id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public Category getCategory() {
return this.category;
}
}
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测试代码是:
package com.learn.springTest;
import com.learn.springDemo.Product;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"applicationContext.xml"});
Product p = (Product) ac.getBean("p");
System.out.println("product 名字是 " + p.getName() + " category 名字是 " + p.getCategory().getName());
}
}
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运行结果是:
product 名字是 我是一个product category 名字是 我是一个Category
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至于前面的第三个问题应该怎么解决,暂时我也不知道,可能这个问题没有太大的意义吧!