以下是机器人搬盒子问题的 Prolog 实现:
```
% 初始状态
state(at(alcove), at(box, table(a)), empty, table(b)).
% 移动动作
move(state(at(X), at(X, T1), H, T2), state(at(T2), at(X, T1), H, empty)) :-
X \= alcove, T2 \= alcove, H = empty.
move(state(at(X), at(X, T1), H, T2), state(at(T2), at(X, T1), H, empty)) :-
X \= alcove, T2 \= alcove, H = box.
% 搬运动作
move(state(at(X), at(X, T1), empty, T2), state(at(alcove), at(X, T2), box, T2)) :-
X \= alcove, T2 \= alcove.
move(state(at(X), at(X, T1), box, T2), state(at(alcove), at(X, T2), empty, T2)) :-
X \= alcove, T2 \= alcove.
% 解决方法
solve(State, []) :-
final_state(State).
solve(State, [Move|Moves]) :-
move(State, NextState),
solve(NextState, Moves),
State \= NextState,
move_to_string(Move, NextState),
write(Move), nl.
% 最终状态
final_state(state(at(alcove), empty, box, table(b))).
% 移动结果转字符串
move_to_string(Move, State) :-
Move =.. [Func, State, NewState],
atom_concat(Func, ': ', MoveString),
state_to_string(NewState, StateString),
atom_concat(MoveString, StateString, FullString),
write(FullString).
% 状态转字符串
state_to_string(state(Robot, TableA, Box, TableB), String) :-
atom_concat('Robot at ', Robot, RobotString),
atom_concat(', Table A has ', TableA, TableAString),
atom_concat(', Box is ', Box, BoxString),
atom_concat(', Table B has ', TableB, TableBString),
atomic_list_concat([RobotString, TableAString, BoxString, TableBString], String).
```
在 Prolog 中,我们定义了初始状态 `state(at(alcove), at(box, table(a)), empty, table(b))` 和最终状态 `final_state(state(at(alcove), empty, box, table(b)))`。我们还定义了两个动作:移动和搬运。移动动作将盒子从一个桌子移动到另一个桌子,而搬运动作将机器人和盒子从一个位置移动到另一个位置。然后,使用递归函数 `solve` 来解决问题,其返回解决方案的动作列表。