【C语言】需要学习的函数

1.getcwd

SYNOPSIS
       #include <unistd.h>
       char *getcwd(char *buf, size_t size);

DESCRIPTION
       These  functions  return  a  null-terminated string containing an absolute pathname that is the current working directory of the calling process.  The pathname is returned as the function result and via the argument buf, if present.
       The getcwd() function copies an absolute pathname of the current working directory to the array pointed to by buf, which is of length size.
功能：
     会将当前工作目录的绝对路径复制到参数buf所指的内存空间中,参数size为buf的空间大小.

2.ftok

NAME
       ftok - convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key
SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/ipc.h>
       key_t ftok(const char *pathname, int proj_id);
DESCRIPTION
       The  ftok() function uses the identity of the file named by the given pathname (which must refer to an existing, accessible file) and the least significant 8 bits of proj_id (which must be non-zero) to generate a key_t type System V IPC key, suitable for use with msgget(2), semget(2), or shmget(2).
       The resulting value is the same for all pathnames that name the same file, when the same value of proj_id is used.  The value returned should be different when the (simultaneously  existing)  files  or  the project IDs differ.
RETURN VALUE
       On success the generated key_t value is returned.  On failure -1 is returned, with errno indicating the error as for the stat(2) system call.
说明：
函数ftok把一个已存在的路径名和一个整数标识符转换成一个key_t值，称为IPC键值（也称IPC key键值）。

3.