2.IoC基础

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 19:46:31 发布

我就要用HashMap

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 19:46:31 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Edward_He_/article/details/122193974

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本文探讨了在Java应用中遇到的高耦合问题，通过引入IoC（控制反转）的概念，展示了如何通过依赖注入降低耦合度。在 UserService 类中，通过将 UserDao 的创建从内部移出，改为外部传入，实现了IoC，使得代码更加灵活。测试类显示了如何根据需求动态更换不同的 UserDao 实现。IoC的核心在于控制权的转移，由程序本身控制依赖关系到由容器来控制，降低了组件间的耦合。

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IoC原型

UserDao接口

package com.dream.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    void getUser();
}

UserDao实现类

package com.dream.dao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("获取用户数据");
    }
}

UserService接口

package com.dream.service;

public interface UserService {
    void getUser();
}

UserService实现类

package com.dream.service;

import com.dream.dao.UserDao;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoImpl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
   UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
      userDao.getUser();
    }
}

测试类

import com.dream.service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Test;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        userService.getUser();
    }
}

如果我们有新的需求

package com.dream.dao;

public class UserDaoMysqlImpl implements UserDao{
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("MySql获取数据");
    }
}

就需要去UserService修改代码

package com.dream.service;

import com.dream.dao.UserDao;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
   UserDao userDao = new UserDaoMysqlImpl();
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
      userDao.getUser();
    }
}

同理

package com.dream.dao;

public class UserDaoOracleImpl implements UserDao{
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("Oracle获取数据");
    }
}

package com.dream.service;

import com.dream.dao.UserDao;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoOracleImpl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
   UserDao userDao = new UserDaoOracleImpl();
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
      userDao.getUser();
    }
}

可如果这种需求很多，每次变动就需要修改大量代码，代码写死了，耦合性太高，这种方式就不适用了

那这种问题该怎么解决呢

重写修改一下UserServiceImpl代码

package com.dream.service;

import com.dream.dao.UserDao;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoOracleImpl;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
   private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void getUser() {
      userDao.getUser();
    }
}

测试

import com.dream.dao.UserDaoImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl;
import com.dream.dao.UserDaoOracleImpl;
import com.dream.service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Test;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        userService.setUserDao(new UserDaoImpl());
        userService.getUser();
        userService.setUserDao(new UserDaoMysqlImpl());
        userService.getUser();
        userService.setUserDao(new UserDaoOracleImpl());
        userService.getUser();
    }
}