新概念英语第二册（39）下

【Key structures】

 

直接引语和间接引语

直接引语的疑问句变为间接引语的疑问句时引号和问号不再使用，且直接疑问句中的倒装语序在转述

疑问句里要还原为陈述句语序（主语+动词），有必要还要改变时态。

转述一般疑问句时必须使用 if 或 whether，不可省略，助动词 do/does 和did 在转述疑问句里消失了。

She asked if/whether you were tired.          她问你是否感到疲劳.

ask，want to know，wonder 等后面的 if 和 whether 通常可以互换，但是 whether 表示的怀疑程度比 if

稍大。

I wonder if/whether he’s phoned the doctor.

在表示两者挑一时更常用 whether：

She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.

转述疑问句中带有 or not 时，通常用 whether 引导，不用 if 引导： He wants to know whether or not we want dinner.

Did the children say they’d eaten?           他们没告诉我他们吃了没有。

在转述特殊疑问句时，通常用原来的疑问词。在针对主语提问的间接疑问句中，时态和情态助动词照

常有变化，但语序保持不变。

Tom asked if / whether Jack would arrive the next day.       汤姆问杰克第二天是否能到. Jane asked why I hadn't written to her.                           简问为什么我不给她写信.

如果直接引语是问句，变为间接引语时，主句不说 He said，而用 He asked；told 可以后跟问句，还可以跟陈述句：

直接引语是表示命令、请求、建议的祈使句通常可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述，常用的这类动词  有 advise，ask，tell，order，command，warm，invite 等，这些动词后往往有间接宾语，在转述这类祈使句的否定形式时，必须将 not 放在带 to 的不定式之前：

She reminded/told me to turn off all the lights.

The teacher was telling/ordering/commanding her students to close their books. tell sb. to do sth.

The teacher told me (not) to open the door. ask sb. to do sth.

动词 suggest 和 insist 用于转述建议、要求时，其结构为 suggest/insist +that 从句（用 should）： He suggests that they should sell the flat. I hope they won’t sell the flat.

He still insisted that we should help him.

【Multiple choice questions】

3 John Gilbert was in hospital. He was taken _ c_ hospital last week.

a. at                       b.in                                  c.to                            d.on take sb. to hospital                 送某人去医院

5 ___d___? A bedside telephone.

a. For what did he ask                        b. What did he ask

c. For what did he ask for                  d. What did he ask for for what   因为……（在疑问句中＝why）

For what did he ask?             他为什么要?

ask for           要求得到

7 He will have to stay in hospital. That's what he ___b___.

a. has done                  b. must do      c. must be doing               d. must have done a、has done 已经做的 ； b、must do 必须做的 ；c、must be doing must+ v.(原形)＝have to        不得不；很可能（对现在或者将来的推测） must +原形, +be doing, +have done 属于推测句型的三种结构

must be doing           对说话的当时的正在进行的行为的推测

He must be sleeping.

He must be making the notes.

must have done        对过去的事情的推测

He must have made the notes.

must have been doing           对过去的正在进行的动作的推测

He must have been sleeping.

1. He was alone. He was ___a___.

a. on his own                 b. lonely                  c. with himself         d.unique on one's own ＝ alone

of one's own         某人自己的

1. He inquired about a patient. He wanted ___b___.

a. informations                  b.information                   c. knowledges                   d. knowledge knowledge                            n.知识, 学问, 认识, 知道, <古>学科

information            n. 信息（不可数名词）

a piece of information          一条信息

message 可数名词, 如手机短信