背景
我们一般在做Spring项目的时候,对于用户创建的类,我们想要让Spring容器管理,我们可以通过xml配置文件或注解的方式告诉Spring哪些类需要容器管理。
xml方式:
使用位置:xml文件存放在resource文件夹下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="myTestA" class="com.mashibing.elsa.MyTestA"/>
</beans>
@Bean注解方式:
使用位置:方法上
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Bean{
.....
}
@Bean的使用
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Bean(name="myTestA")
public MyTestA myTestA(){
return new MyTestA();
}
}
那Spring容器是如何帮我们创建Bean的呢?
Spring创建Bean对象主流程
Spring核心代码分析
创建对象的核心方法在getSingleton方法的参数内,第二个参数是一个匿名内部类,通过匿名内部了中的createBean方法来创建Bean对象
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
// 为给定的合并后BeanDefinition(和参数)创建一个bean实例
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
// 显示地从单例缓存中删除实例:它可能是由创建过程急切地放在那里,以允许循环引用解析。还要删除
// 接收到该Bean临时引用的任何Bean
// 销毁给定的bean。如果找到相应的一次性Bean实例,则委托给destoryBean
destroySingleton(beanName);
// 重新抛出ex
throw ex;
}
});
该方法会调用getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) 方法。
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
// 如果beanName为null,抛出异常
Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
// 使用单例对象的高速缓存Map作为锁,保证线程同步
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
// 从单例对象的高速缓存Map中获取beanName对应的单例对象
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
// 如果单例对象获取不到
if (singletonObject == null) {
// 如果当前在destorySingletons中
if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
}
// 如果当前日志级别时调试
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
// 创建单例之前的回调,默认实现将单例注册为当前正在创建中
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
// 表示生成了新的单例对象的标记,默认为false,表示没有生成新的单例对象
boolean newSingleton = false;
// 有抑制异常记录标记,没有时为true,否则为false
boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
// 如果没有抑制异常记录
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
// 对抑制的异常列表进行实例化(LinkedHashSet)
this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
}
try {
// 从单例工厂中获取对象,getObject内部是通过反射创建对象,此步骤会跳转到getSingleton参数中的匿名内部类中,执行createBean的方法
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
// 生成了新的单例对象的标记为true,表示生成了新的单例对象
newSingleton = true;
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->
// if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.
// 同时,单例对象是否隐式出现 -> 如果是,请继续操作,因为异常表明该状态
// 尝试从单例对象的高速缓存Map中获取beanName的单例对象
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
// 如果获取失败,抛出异常
if (singletonObject == null) {
throw ex;
}
}
// 捕捉Bean创建异常
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
// 如果没有抑制异常记录
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
// 遍历抑制的异常列表
for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
// 将抑制的异常对象添加到 bean创建异常 中,这样做的,就是相当于 '因XXX异常导致了Bean创建异常‘ 的说法
ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
}
}
// 抛出异常
throw ex;
}
finally {
// 如果没有抑制异常记录
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
// 将抑制的异常列表置为null,因为suppressedExceptions是对应单个bean的异常记录,置为null
// 可防止异常信息的混乱
this.suppressedExceptions = null;
}
// 创建单例后的回调,默认实现将单例标记为不在创建中
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
// 生成了新的单例对象
if (newSingleton) {
// 将beanName和singletonObject的映射关系添加到该工厂的单例缓存中:
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
// 返回该单例对象
return singletonObject;
}
}
createBean内部逻辑
protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
// 这个beanWrapper是用来持有创建出来的bean对象的
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
// 获取factoryBean实例缓存
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
// 如果是单例对象,从factorybean实例缓存中移除当前bean定义信息
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
// 没有就创建实例
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
// 根据执行bean使用对应的策略创建新的实例,如,工厂方法,构造函数主动注入、简单初始化
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// 从包装类中获取原始bean
Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
// 获取具体的bean对象的Class属性
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
// 如果不等于NullBean类型,那么修改目标类型
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
// 允许beanPostProcessor去修改合并的beanDefinition
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
// MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor后置处理器修改合并bean的定义
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
// 判断当前bean是否需要提前曝光:单例&允许循环依赖&当前bean正在创建中,检测循环依赖
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
// 为避免后期循环依赖,可以在bean初始化完成前将创建实例的ObjectFactory加入工厂
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
// 初始化bean实例
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
// 对bean的属性进行填充,将各个属性值注入,其中,可能存在依赖于其他bean的属性,则会递归初始化依赖的bean
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
// 执行初始化逻辑
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
// 从缓存中获取具体的对象
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
// earlySingletonReference只有在检测到有循环依赖的情况下才会不为空
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
// 如果exposedObject没有在初始化方法中被改变,也就是没有被增强
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
// 返回false说明依赖还没实例化好
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
// 因为bean创建后所依赖的bean一定是已经创建的
// actualDependentBeans不为空则表示当前bean创建后其依赖的bean却没有全部创建完,也就是说存在循环依赖
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
try {
// 注册bean对象,方便后续在容器销毁的时候销毁对象
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
创建实例化对象
方式一:suppier
方式二:工厂方法
方式三:构造函数
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
// 确认需要创建的bean实例的类可以实例化
Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
// 确保class不为空,并且访问权限是public
if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
}
// 判断当前beanDefinition中是否包含实例供应器,此处相当于一个回调方法,利用回调方法来创建bean
Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();
if (instanceSupplier != null) {
return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);
}
// 如果工厂方法不为空则使用工厂方法初始化策略
if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {
return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// 一个类可能有多个构造器,所以Spring得根据参数个数、类型确定需要调用的构造器
// 在使用构造器创建实例后,Spring会将解析过后确定下来的构造器或工厂方法保存在缓存中,避免再次创建相同bean时再次解析
// Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...
// 标记下,防止重复创建同一个bean
boolean resolved = false;
// 是否需要自动装配
boolean autowireNecessary = false;
// 如果没有参数
if (args == null) {
synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
// 因为一个类可能由多个构造函数,所以需要根据配置文件中配置的参数或传入的参数来确定最终调用的构造函数。
// 因为判断过程会比较,所以spring会将解析、确定好的构造函数缓存到BeanDefinition中的resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod字段中。
// 在下次创建相同时直接从RootBeanDefinition中的属性resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod缓存的值获取,避免再次解析
if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
resolved = true;
autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
}
}
}
// 有构造参数的或者工厂方法
if (resolved) {
// 构造器有参数
if (autowireNecessary) {
// 构造函数自动注入
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
}
else {
// 使用默认构造函数构造
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
}
// Candidate constructors for autowiring?
// 从bean后置处理器中为自动装配寻找构造方法, 有且仅有一个有参构造或者有且仅有@Autowired注解构造
Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
// 以下情况符合其一即可进入
// 1、存在可选构造方法
// 2、自动装配模型为构造函数自动装配
// 3、给BeanDefinition中设置了构造参数值
// 4、有参与构造函数参数列表的参数
if (ctors != null || mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
}
// Preferred constructors for default construction?
// 找出最合适的默认构造方法
ctors = mbd.getPreferredConstructors();
if (ctors != null) {
// 构造函数自动注入
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, null);
}
// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
// 使用默认无参构造函数创建对象,如果没有无参构造且存在多个有参构造且没有@AutoWired注解构造,会报错
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
instantiateBean方法
protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
try {
Object beanInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, this),
getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
// 获取实例化策略并且进行实例化操作
beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, this);
}
// 包装成BeanWrapper
BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
//初始化BeanWrapper
initBeanWrapper(bw);
return bw;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescr iption(), beanName, "Instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}
}
通过具体实例化方法instantiate去实例化对象,实例化对象之后,将对象返回给instantiateBean方法。
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition bd, @Nullable String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
// Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.
// bd对象定义中,是否包含MethodOverride列表,spring中有两个标签参数会产生MethodOverrides,分别是lookup-method,replaced-method
// 没有MethodOverrides对象,可以直接实例化
if (!bd.hasMethodOverrides()) {
// 实例化对象的构造方法
Constructor<?> constructorToUse;
// 锁定对象,使获得实例化构造方法线程安全
synchronized (bd.constructorArgumentLock) {
// 查看bd对象里使用否含有构造方法
constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;
// 如果没有
if (constructorToUse == null) {
// 从bd中获取beanClass
final Class<?> clazz = bd.getBeanClass();
// 如果要实例化的beanDefinition是一个接口,则直接抛出异常
if (clazz.isInterface()) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
}
try {
// 获取系统安全管理器
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor<?>>) clazz::getDeclaredConstructor);
}
else {
// 获取默认的无参构造器
constructorToUse = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
}
// 获取到构造器之后将构造器赋值给bd中的属性
bd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);
}
}
}
// 通过反射生成具体的实例化对象
return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse);
}
else {
// Must generate CGLIB subclass.
// 必须生成cglib子类
return instantiateWithMethodInjection(bd, beanName, owner);
}
}
调用构造函数实例化
public static <T> T instantiateClass(Constructor<T> ctor, Object... args) throws BeanInstantiationException {
Assert.notNull(ctor, "Constructor must not be null");
try {
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(ctor);
if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinReflectPresent() && KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(ctor.getDeclaringClass())) {
return KotlinDelegate.instantiateClass(ctor, args);
}
else {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = ctor.getParameterTypes();
Assert.isTrue(args.length <= parameterTypes.length, "Can't specify more arguments than constructor parameters");
Object[] argsWithDefaultValues = new Object[args.length];
//获得参数
for (int i = 0 ; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i] == null) {
Class<?> parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
argsWithDefaultValues[i] = (parameterType.isPrimitive() ? DEFAULT_TYPE_VALUES.get(parameterType) : null);
}
else {
argsWithDefaultValues[i] = args[i];
}
}
//通过构造函数实例化对象
return ctor.newInstance(argsWithDefaultValues);
}
}
catch (InstantiationException ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Is it an abstract class?", ex);
}
catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Is the constructor accessible?", ex);
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Illegal arguments for constructor", ex);
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor, "Constructor threw exception", ex.getTargetException());
}
}
构造函数的实例化方法
@CallerSensitive
@ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
{
if (!override) {
Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
checkAccess(caller, clazz, clazz, modifiers);
}
if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");
ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatile
if (ca == null) {
ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//最终创建实例的方法,创建的实例属性值为默认值。
T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);
return inst;
}