ProxySQL实现读写分离配置

IP	主机	应用
192.168.161.165	读写分离解析主机	proxysql
192.168.161.166	mysql/master	mysql
192.168.161.162	mysql/slave	mysql

1.安装mysql（略）

2.配置mysql主从复制(192.168.161.166)

2.1修改 mysql/master的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin        #开启二进制日志
server-id=1                   #设置server-id，主从不能一样
[root@localhost ~]# server mysqld restart 重启mysql

2.2创建同步用账户(192.168.161.166)

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
mysql> create user 'kong'@'192.168.161.162' identified by '123456';       创建用户并授权：用户：root密码：123456，ip修改为从的ip
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'kong'@'192.168.161.162';    分配权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;          查看binlog日志位置
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      775 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2.3修改 mysql/slave的配置文件(192.168.161.162)

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=2
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart

2.4 配置同步(192.168.161.162)

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.161.166',master_user='kong',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=775;    需要主服务器主机名，登陆凭据，二进制文件的名称和位置
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.35 sec)   

mysql> start slave;

2.5 查看slave状态

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.161.166
                  Master_User: kong
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 775
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
都是yes即可

3.ProxySQL实现读写分离配置

3.1安装proxysql(192.168.161.165)

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo      配置proxysql的yum源

[proxysql_repo]
name=proxysql
baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/7
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all  清理yum源
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start proxysql    启动proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig proxysql on         proxysql默认只提供了sysv风格的启动脚本，所以想设置开机自启则需借助于chkconfig工具

3.2 mysql主库添加proxysql可以增删改查的账号(192.168.161.166)

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'proxysql'@'192.168.161.165' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3.3 登录proxysql管理端(192.168.161.165)

mysql> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name          | file                                |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0   | main          |                                     |
| 2   | disk          | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db       |
| 3   | stats         |                                     |
| 4   | monitor       |                                     |
| 5   | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

数据库说明：

main 内存配置数据库，表里存放后端db实例、用户验证、路由规则等信息。表名以 runtime开头的表示proxysql当前运行的配置内容，不能通过dml语句修改，只能修改对应的不以 runtime 开头的（在内存）里的表，然后 LOAD 使其生效， SAVE 使其存到硬盘以供下次重启加载

disk 是持久化到硬盘的配置，sqlite数据文件

stats 是proxysql运行抓取的统计信息，包括到后端各命令的执行次数、流量、processlist、查询种类汇总/执行时间等等

monitor 库存储 monitor 模块收集的信息，主要是对后端db的健康/延迟检查

stats_history 统计信息历史库

3.4 Proxysql管理端添加后端连接mysql主从数据库的配置(192.168.161.165)

mysql> show tables from main;
+--------------------------------------------+
| tables                                     |
+--------------------------------------------+
| global_variables                           |  # ProxySQL的基本配置参数，类似与MySQL
| mysql_collations                           |  # 配置对MySQL字符集的支持
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups         |  # MGR相关的表，用于实例的读写组自动分配
| mysql_query_rules                          |  # 路由表
| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing             |  # 主从复制相关的表，用于实例的读写组自动分配
| mysql_replication_hostgroups               |  # 存储MySQL实例的信息
| mysql_servers                              |  # 存储MySQL用户
| mysql_users                                |  # 存储ProxySQL的信息，用于ProxySQL Cluster同步
| proxysql_servers                           |  # 运行环境的存储校验值
| runtime_checksums_values                   |
| runtime_global_variables                   |
| runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules                  |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing     |
| runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups       |  # 与上面对应，但是运行环境正在使用的配置
| runtime_mysql_servers                      |
| runtime_mysql_users                        |
| runtime_proxysql_servers                   |
| runtime_scheduler                          |
| scheduler                                  |  # 定时任务表
+--------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)

runtime_ 开头的是运行时的配置，这些是不能修改的。要修改 ProxySQL 的配置，需要修改了非 runtime_ 表，修改后必须执行 LOAD … TO RUNTIME 才能加载到 RUNTIME 生效，执行 save … to disk 才能将配置持久化保存到磁盘

下面语句中没有先切换到 main 库也执行成功了，因为 ProxySQL 内部使用的 SQLite3 数据库引擎，和 MySQL 的解析方式是不一样的。即使执行了 USE main 语句也是无任何效果的，但不会报错

3.5使用 insert 语句添加 mysql 主机到 mysql_servers 表中，其中：hostgroup_id 1 表示写组，2表示读组(192.168.161.165)

mysql> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(1,'192.168.161.166',3306,1,'Write Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(2,'192.168.161.162',3306,1,'Read Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> mysql> select * from mysql_servers;
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+-----
| hostgroup_id | hostname        | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+-----
| 1            | 192.168.161.166 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | 0           | 1000            | 0   
| 2            | 192.168.161.162 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | 0           | 1000            | 0   
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+-----

3.6 加载到RUNTIME，并保存到disk(192.168.161.165)

mysql> load mysql servers to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> save mysql servers to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)

3.7在 proxysql 主机的 mysql_users 表中添加刚才在 master 上创建的账号 proxysql(192.168.161.165)

mysql> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent)values('proxysql','123456',1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select * from mysql_users \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
              username: proxysql        # 后端mysql实例的用户名
              password: pwproxysql      # 后端mysql实例的密码
                active: 1               # active=1表示用户生效，0表示不生效
               use_ssl: 0
     default_hostgroup: 1               # 用户默认登录到哪个hostgroup_id下的实例
        default_schema: NULL            # 用户默认登录后端mysql实例时连接的数据库，这个地方为NULL的话，则由全局变量mysql-default_schema决定，默认是information_schema
         schema_locked: 0
transaction_persistent: 1              # 如果设置为1，连接上ProxySQL的会话后，如果在一个hostgroup上开启了事务，那么后续的sql都继续维持在这个hostgroup上，不论是否会匹配上其它路由规则，直到事务结束。虽然默认是0
          fast_forward: 0              # 忽略查询重写/缓存层，直接把这个用户的请求透传到后端DB。相当于只用它的连接池功能，一般不用，路由规则 .* 就行了
               backend: 1
              frontend: 1
       max_connections: 10000          # 该用户允许的最大连接数
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3.8 添加健康检测的帐号

3.8.1 在mysql的 master 端添加属于proxysql的只读账号(192.168.161.166)

mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'192.168.161.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'monitor';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3.8.2 在proxysql主机端修改变量设置健康检测的账号(192.168.161.165)

mysql> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set mysql-monitor_password='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> load mysql variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> save mysql variables to disk;
Query OK, 97 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3.9添加读写分离的路由规则(192.168.161.165)

需求：

将 select 查询语句全部路由至 hostgroup_id=2 的组(也就是读组)

但是 select * from tb for update 这样的语句是会修改数据的，所以需要单独定义，将它路由至 hostgroup_id=1 的组(也就是写组)

其他没有被规则匹配到的组将会被路由至用户默认的组(mysql_users 表中的 default_hostgroup)

mysql> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(2,1,'^SELECT',2,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| rule_id | active | match_digest         | destination_hostgroup | apply |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| 1       | 1      | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 1                     | 1     |
| 2       | 1      | ^SELECT              | 2                     | 1     |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> load mysql query rules to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> save mysql query rules to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3.10 验证读写分离(192.168.161.165)

3.10.1 登录 proxysql 客户端

登录用户是刚才我们在 mysql_user 表中创建的用户，端口为6033

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uproxysql -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P6033
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

3.10.2 尝试修改数据库和查询

mysql> create database aaa;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create database bbb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------------+
| user          | host            |
+---------------+-----------------+
| monitor       | 192.168.161.%   |
| proxysql      | 192.168.161.165 |
| mysql.session | localhost       |
| mysql.sys     | localhost       |
| root          | localhost       |
+---------------+-----------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

3.10.3 验证读写分离是否成功

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
mysql> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| hostgroup | schemaname         | username | digest             | digest_text                      | count_star | first_seen | last_seen  | sum_time | min_time | max_time |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| 1         | information_schema | proxysql | 0xEFBF7B9071567331 | create database bbb              | 1          | 1543198310 | 1543198310 | 940      | 940      | 940      |
| 1         | information_schema | proxysql | 0x5FE63C9D9C52A1E9 | create database aaa              | 1          | 1543198307 | 1543198307 | 2203     | 2203     | 2203     |
| 2         | information_schema | proxysql | 0x0F02B330C823D739 | select user,host from mysql.user | 1          | 1543198335 | 1543198335 | 2839     | 2839     | 2839     |
| 1         | information_schema | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases                   | 1          | 1543198263 | 1543198263 | 3812     | 3812     | 3812     |
| 1         | information_schema | proxysql | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 1          | 1543198242 | 1543198242 | 0        | 0        | 0        |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从上面的 hostgroup 和 digest_text 值来看，所有的写操作都被路由至1组，读操作都被路由至2组，其中1组为写组，2组为读组

由此可见，读写分离成功