CMake模板

Demo1 可执行文件

# 版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES CXX)  
# 构建hello  
add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)  
# -H.在当前目录中搜索CMakeLists.txt, -Bbuild在build目录中生成所有的文件   
cmake -H. -Bbuild  
# 构建项目作用类似make  
cmake --build .  

Demo2 生成库文件

# 版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES CXX)  

add_library(message-obj  
    OBJECT  
    message.h  
    message.cpp  
    )  

set_target_properties(message-obj  
    PROPERTIES
    POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE 1
    )

add_library(message-shared
   SHARED
   $<TARGET_OBJECT:message-obj>
)

add_library(message-static
   STATIC
   $<TARGET_OBJECT:message-obj>
)

# 构建hello  
add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)  

target_link_libraries(hello-world message-static)

Demo3 生成库文件，一起生成名字相同

# 版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES CXX)  

# 查找当前目录的所有源文件，将名称保存到DIR_SRCS变量中
aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS)

add_library(message SHARED ${DIR_SRCS})  
add_library(message_static STATIC ${DIR_SRCS})

# 解决生成静态库与动态库生成名称不一致的问题
set_target_properties(message_static  PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "message")

# 获取库信息
get_target_property(OUTPUT_VALUE message_static OUTPUT)

# 状态信息获取
message(STATUS "this is the message_static OUTPUT_NAME: " ${OUTPUT_VALUE})

# VERSION 设置动态库版本号  SOVERSION制定API版本
set_target_properties(message PROPERTIES VERSION 1.0.0 SOVERSION 1)

# 构建hello  
add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)  

target_link_libraries(hello-world message-static)

Demo4 设置开关，是否构建库

# 版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES CXX)  

set(USE_LIBRARY OFF)

# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS是CMake中定义的全局变量，设置为OFF， add_library省略第二个参数将构建静态库
set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)

# 引入一个局部变量_souorces
list(APPEND _sources message.h message.cpp)

if (USE_LIBRARY)
    add_library(message ${_sources})
    add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)
    target_link_libraries(hello-world message)
else ()
    add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp ${_sources})
endif()

Demo5 外部设置开关，是否构建库

# 版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES C CXX)  

# 项目中未定义, 取环境变量中定义BOOST_REMOTE
# 环境变量中未定义取默认值"boost.org"
if (NOT DEFINED BOOST_REMOTE)
	if (DEFINED ENV{BOOST_REMOTE})
		set(BOOST_REMOTE "$ENV{BOOST_REMOTE}")
	else()
		set(BOOST_REMOTE "boost.org")
	endif()
	message(STATUS "Use Boost Remote: ${BOOST_REMOTE}")
endif()

# CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE配置构建类型，默认为空，可以选择Debug 或者 Release
if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
endif()

message(STATUS "Build type: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")

option(USE_LIBRARY "Compile source into a library" OFF) 

# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS是CMake中定义的全局变量，设置为OFF， add_library省略第二个参数将构建静态库
set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)

# 引入一个局部变量_souorces
list(APPEND _sources message.h message.cpp)

if (USE_LIBRARY)
    add_library(message ${_sources})
    add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)
    target_link_libraries(hello-world message)
else ()
    add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp ${_sources})
endif()

# ccmake ..可以查看修改预定义的变量取值

Demo6 设置编译器选项

# cmake版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES C CXX)  

# CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE配置构建类型，默认为空，可以选择Debug 或者 Release
if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
endif

message(STATUS "Build type: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
message(STATUS "C++ compiler flags: ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")

# 引入一个局部变量_sources
list(APPEND _sources message.h message.cpp)

list(APPEND flags "-fPIC" "-Wall")
if (NOT WIN32)
    list(APPEND flags "-Wextra" "-Wpedantic")
endif()

add_library(message ${_sources})
# 设置message库编译选项
target_compile_options(message PRIVATE $(flags))

add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)
# 设置可执行文件编译选项
target_compile_options(hello-world PRIVATE "-fPIC")

target_link_libraries(hello-world message)

Demo7 设置语言标准

# cmake版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES C CXX)  

# CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE配置构建类型，默认为空，可以选择Debug 或者 Release
if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
endif

message(STATUS "Build type: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
message(STATUS "C++ compiler flags: ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")

# 引入一个局部变量_sources
list(APPEND _sources message.h message.cpp)

list(APPEND flags "-fPIC" "-Wall")
if (NOT WIN32)
    list(APPEND flags "-Wextra" "-Wpedantic")
endif()

add_library(message ${_sources})
# 设置message库编译选项
target_compile_options(message PRIVATE $(flags))
# 设置语言标准
set_target_properties(message
PROPERTIES
CXX_STANDARD 11
CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF
CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE 1
)

add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)
# 设置可执行文件编译选项
target_compile_options(hello-world PRIVATE "-fPIC")

target_link_libraries(hello-world message)
# 设置语言标准
set_target_properties(hello-world
    PROPERTIES
    CXX_STANDARD 11
    CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF
    CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
    POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE 1
)
# 可以分开对不同的构建目标设置不同的属性，也可以统一设置
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE 1)

Demo8 检测boost库

# cmake版本设置  
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)  
# 声明项目名称与语言
project(demo LANGUAGES C CXX)  

# CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE配置构建类型，默认为空，可以选择Debug 或者 Release
if (NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
endif

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE 1)

set(BOOST_VERSION 1.62.0)
find_package(Boost ${BOOST_VERSION} EXACT REQUIRED COMPONENTS filesystem)
add_executable(path-info path-info.cpp)

target_link_libraries(path-info
PUBLIC
Boost::filesystem
)

Findboost.cmake是本示例中所使用的CMake模块，会在标准系统安装目录中找到Boost库。
如果boost库安装在非标准位置，可以在配置时使用BOOST_ROOT

cmake -DBOOST_ROOT=/home/boost
# 或者同时传递头文件和BOOST_INCLUDEDIR变量和库目录BOOST_LIBRARRYDIR
cmake -DBOOST_INCLUDEDIR=/home/boost/include -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/home/boost/lib

Demo9 安装文件或者程序

include(GNUInstallDirs)

# install files
set(HEADERS
   Buffer.h
   Callbacks.h
   Channel.h
   TimerId.h
   )
   
install(FILES
    ${HEADERS}
    DESTINATION include/muduo/net)
    
# install executable
# TARGETS 目标名称：demo为可执行文件名称
# RUNTIME表示可执行文件
# DESTINATION后跟上安装目录
install(TARGETS demo RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)

# install lib
# LIBRARY 动态库
# ARCHIVE 静态库
install(TARGETS muduo_net muduo_net_static 
LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
)

其他

1. 指定gcc版本

# way1:
cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/apps/sylar/bin/gcc \
	  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/apps/sylar/bin/g++ \
      -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/apps/sylar ..

# way2: 修改CMakeLists.txt  一定要写在project指令之前，否则无效
SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /usr/bin/gcc)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /usr/bin/g++)

# way3:修改环境变量
export CC=/usr/bin/gcc
export CXX=/usr/bin/g++

2. CMake 输出所有的编译过程

set (CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE on)
# 编译时指定
cmake -DGOOGLETEST_PATH=/root/workspace/leveldb/third_party/googletest \
      -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/bin/gcc \
      -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/bin/g++ \
      -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
      -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/apps/gcc4.8.5 \
      -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON  ..

3. CMake生成Release版本

cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release