popen使用不当引起产生僵尸进程

函数签名

#include <stdio.h>

FILE *popen(const char *command, const char *type);
int pclose(FILE *stream);

DESCRIPTION
       The  popen() function opens a process by creating a pipe, forking, and invoking the shell.  Since a pipe is by definition unidirectional, the type argument may specify only reading or writing, not both; the resulting stream is correspondingly read-only or write-only.
       
RETURN VALUE
       The popen() function returns NULL if the fork(2) or pipe(2) calls fail, or if it cannot allocate memory.

       The pclose() function returns -1 if wait4(2) returns an error, or some other error is detected.  In the event of an error, these
       functions set errnro to indicate the cause of the error.
ERRORS
       The  popen()  function  does not set errno if memory allocation fails.  If the underlying fork(2) or pipe(2) fails, errno is set appropriately.  If the type argument is invalid, and this condition is detected, errno is set to EINVAL.

       If pclose() cannot obtain the child status, errno is set to ECHILD.

popen函数会通过fork产生子进程，然后从子进程中调用/bin/sh -c执行参数command指令，子进程退出的时候会发送SIGCHLD信号，如果父进程没对此信号处理，就会导致僵尸进程，因此建议有用到popen的都加个signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);

SIG_IGN表示忽略对信号SIGCHLD的处理，或者调用wait()。

调用wait()会暂时停止目前进程的执行，直到有信号来到或子进程结束。如果在调用 wait() 时子进程已经结束，则 wait() 会立即返回子进程结束状态值。子进程的结束状态值会由参数 status 返回，而子进程的进程识别码也会一快返回