[小甲鱼] 零基础入门python第030讲课后测试题及答案：文件系统：介绍一个高大上的东西

测试题：
0.编写一个程序，统计当前目录下每个文件类型的文件数，程序实现如图：

>>>=================================RESTART==============================
该文件夹下共有类型为【.txt】的文件1个
该文件夹下共有类型为【.png】的文件2个
该文件夹下共有类型为【.py】的文件3个
该文件夹下共有类型为【.docx】的文件2个
该文件夹下共有类型为【文件夹】的文件2个
>>>

import os
list_ext=[]
for each in os.listdir('.'):
    extension = os.path.splitext(each)[1]
    list_ext.append(extension)

set_list_ext = set(list_ext)
for each in set_list_ext:
    if each is not '':
        print('该文件下共有类型为【%s】的文件%d个'%(str(each),list_ext.count(each)))
    else:
        print('该文件下共有类型为【文件夹】的文件%d个'%list_ext.count(each))
    

def file_size(path):
    os.chdir(path)
    all_file = os.listdir('.')
    for each in all_file:
        print('%s 【%dBytes】' %(each,os.path.getsize(each)))
    
path = input('请输入路径：')
file_size(path)

import os

def search_file(start_dir,target):
    os.chdir(start_dir)

    for each_file in os.listdir(os.curdir):
        if each_file == target:
            print(os.getcwd()+os.sep+each_file) #使用os.sep使程序更标准
        if os.path.isdir(each_file):
            search_file(each_file,target)  #递归调用
            os.chdir(os.pardir)     #递归调用后切记返回上一层目录

start_dir = input('请输入待查找的初始目录：')
target = input('请输入需要查找的目标文件：')
search_file(start_dir,target)

import os
f=open(os.curdir+os.sep+'vedioList.txt','w')
def vediolist(path,target):
    os.chdir(path)
    all_file = os.listdir(os.curdir)
    for each_file in all_file:
        ext = os.path.splitext(each_file)[1]
        if ext in target:
            f.write(os.getcwd()+os.sep+each_file+os.linesep)
        else:
            pass
        if os.path.isdir(each_file):
            vediolist(each_file,target)
            os.chdir(os.pardir)


path = input('请输入待查找的初始目录：')
target = ['.mp4','.avi','.rmvb','.mkv']
vediolist(path,target)
f.close()

import os
#word_dict=dict()
def search_kw(path,kw):
    os.chdir(path)
    all_file = os.listdir(os.curdir)
    for each_file in all_file:
        #each_file+'_dict'=dict()
        if os.path.splitext(each_file)[1] == '.txt':
            print('在文件%s中\n'%each_file)
            f = open(each_file,'r')
            string=f.readlines()
            count = 0
            for each_line in string:
                count+=1
                pos = []
                begin = each_line.find(kw)
                while begin != -1:
                    pos.append(begin+1)
                    begin = each_line.find(kw,begin+1)
                print('关键字出现在第%d行，第%s个位置'%(count,str(pos)))
                
        if os.path.isdir(each_file):
            search_kw(each_file,kw)
            os.chdir(os.pardir)


path = input('请输入文件路径：')
kw=input('请将该脚本放于待查找的文件夹内，请输入关键字：')

search_kw(path,kw)

答案：

import os

def print_pos(key_dict):
    keys = key_dict.keys()
    keys = sorted(keys)
    for each_key in keys:
        print('关键字出现在第%d行，第%s个位置' %(each_key,str(key_dict[each_key])))

def pos_in_line(line,key):
    pos = []
    begin = line.find(key)
    while begin != -1:
        pos.append(begin +1) #用户的角度是从1开始数
        begin = line.find(key,begin+1) #从下一位置继续查找
    return pos

def search_in_file(file_name,key):
    f = open(file_name)
    count = 0    #记录行数
    key_dict = dict() #字典，用户存放key坐在具体行数对应的位置
    
    for each_line in f:
        count +=1
        if key in each_line:
            pos = pos_in_line(each_line,key) #key在每行对应的位置
            key_dict[count] =pos
    
    f.close()
    return key_dict

def search_files(key,detail):
    all_files = os.walk(os.getcwd())
    txt_files = []
    
    for i in all_files:
        for each_file in i[2]:
            if os.path.splitext(each_file)[1] == '.txt': #根据后缀判断是否文本文件
                each_file = os.path.join(i[0],each_file)
                txt_files.append(each_file)
        
        for each_txt_file in txt_files:
            key_dict = search_in_file(each_txt_file,key)
            if key_dict:
                print('=================================================')
                print('在文件【%s】中找到关键字【%s】' %(each_txt_file,key))
                if detail in ['YES','Yes','yes']:
                    print_pos(key_dict)

key = input('请将该脚本放于待查找的文件夹内，请输入关键字：')
detail = input('请问是否需要打印关键字【%s】在文件中的具体位置（YES/NO）：' %key)
search_files(key,detail)