基于PWM的笼型异步电机调压调速控制器

摘要

异步电动机的直接起动方式存在电流冲击、机械冲击等危害。为了减少直接起动方式的有害影响，提高异步电动机的起动性能，设计了一种基于PWM的笼型异步电动机调压调速系统方案。首先分析了异步电动机的起动性能。其次，基于上述性能结果，建立了三相异步电动机调压调速系统的方案。它通过可控硅调节系统调节电机定子电压，通过触发模块将同步相电压转换成宽脉冲波，通过积分器获得晶闸管门极信号，从而实现异步电动机的调压调速。最后，通过对直接起动系统和调压调速系统仿真结果的比较分析，说明了可控硅型异步电动机调压调速系统的可行性和优越性。

为了研制出系统性能稳定的调压调速系统，查阅相关电机调压调速系统的研究动态，对国内外相关学者电机调压调速系统的研究方案进行了总结分析，选取了STC89C51单片机作为调压调速系统的主控芯片。然后设计出调压调速系统的整体控制方案，对相关调压调速系统使用的元器件型号进行了选型，包括处理器、显示模块、控制模块等。最后设计了调压调速系统软件主流程图以及自动加热主流程图，对其所设计的主流程图应该用C语言进行编程设计。

关键词：单片机；电机；调压调速系统；控制系统，PROTUES

 

ABSTRACT

The direct starting mode of asynchronous motor has the harm of current shock, mechanical shock and so on. In order to reduce the harmful effect of direct starting mode and improve the starting performance of asynchronous motor, a voltage regulating and speed regulating system of cage type asynchronous motor based on PWM is designed. Firstly, the starting performance of asynchronous motor is analyzed. Secondly, based on the above performance results, the scheme of voltage regulation and speed regulation system of three-phase asynchronous motor is established. It can adjust the stator voltage of the motor through the thyristor control system, convert the synchronous phase voltage into a wide pulse wave through the trigger module, and obtain the gate signal of the thyristor through the integrator, so as to realize the voltage regulation and speed regulation of the asynchronous motor. Finally, by comparing the simulation results of the direct starting system and the voltage regulating speed regulating system, the feasibility and superiority of the voltage regulating speed regulating system of the thyristor type asynchronous motor are illustrated.

In order to develop a voltage regulating and speed regulating system with stable system performance and consult the research trends of the related motor voltage regulating and speed regulating system, the research scheme of the motor voltage regulating and speed regulating system of the relevant scholars at home and abroad is summarized and analyzed, and STC89C51 single chip computer is selected as the main control chip of the voltage regulating and speed regulating system. Then the overall control scheme of the system is designed, and the model of the components used in the system is selected, including processor, display module, control module, etc. Finally, the main flow chart of the system software and the main flow chart of automatic heating are designed. The main flow chart should be programmed in C language.

Key words: single chip microcomputer; motor; voltage regulation and speed regulation system; control system, programs

 

目 录

摘要... I

ABSTRACT.. II

目 录... III

第1章 绪论... 1

1.1 本文研究背景... 1

1.2 国内外研究动态... 1

1.3 本文研究的内容... 2

第2章 基于PWM的异步电机控制器整体方案设计... 4

2.1 系统设计思路... 4

2.2 系统整体方案设计... 4

2.1 主电路设计... 5

2.2 PWM控制电路设计... 6

第3章 基于PWM的异步电机控制器硬件电路设计... 9

3.1 系统硬件整体模块设计... 9

3.2 STC89C51单片机简介... 9

3.3 电机调速电路设计... 10

3.4 液晶显示模块电路设计... 11

第4章 基于PWM的异步电机控制器系统软件设计... 12

4.1 编程语言选择... 12

4.2 主程序设计... 12

4.3 LCD显示子程序... 13

4.4 按键子程序... 14

第5章 基于PWM的异步电机控制器系统调试... 15

5.1 系统调试... 16

5.2 Proteus仿真介绍... 16