nasa kelly twins study shows harsh effects of space flight and a brutal return to earth

为了所有那些梦想前往火星或者太空中的其它目的地的人，宇航员斯科特·凯利把自己变成了试验品。2015 年，凯利乘坐火箭前往太空，并在近地轨道上的国际空间站待了近一年。与此同时，为了进行美国航空航天局著名的“双胞胎研究”，他的孪生兄弟，马克·凯利，留在了地球表面。该研究旨在了解太空飞行对人体的影响。
astronaut Scotty Kelly made himself a guinea pig for all the people who dream of human journeys to Mars and other destinations in space.
In 2015, kelly rode rocket into space and spent nearly a year on the International space station in low earth orbit
designed to see what spaceflight does to the human body,前面整句话做这个句子的主语

从后面往前面翻译，这是中英不同
Scotty kelly experienced numerous physiological and chromosomal changes during his long sojourn in orbit

The full results, published Thursday in the journal Science, showed that Scott Kelly experienced numerous physiological and chromosomal changes during his long sojourn in orbit, including changes in gene expression. His immune system went on high alert, both when he went to space and upon returning to Earth. His body acted as if it were under attack.
周四发布在《科学》期刊上的完整结果显示，斯科特·凯利在（近地）轨道长期逗留期间，经历了许多生理上的和染色体上的变化，其中包括基因表达上的变化。在他去往太空和回到地球后，他的免疫系统都处于高度戒备状态。他的身体好像是在遭受到攻击一样。

his immune system went on high alert, both when he went to space and upon returning to earth.
upon returning返回