nginx location匹配规则

nginx升级

环境说明

系统主机名ip
centos7localhost192.168.152.136

1.把nginx高版本的压缩包拷到服务器上,解压到/usr/local/目录下

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg      nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec  nginx-1.18.0  share
etc  include  lib64  nginx    sbin          src
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# make

2.把之前的nginx文件备份
进入/usr/local/nginx/sbin/目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ls
nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# mv nginx nginx-old-copy
[root@localhost sbin]# ls
nginx-old-copy

//然后返回nginx-1.14.2下的objs目录,把新的nginx拷贝过来

[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx-1.18.0/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ 
[root@localhost sbin]# ls
nginx  nginx-old-copy

3.到/usr/local/nginx/sbin下查看nginx版本,检出配置文件,启动nginx

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful


//启动
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ss -tanl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128     *:80                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100       ::1:25                 :::* 

[root@localhost sbin]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

nginx location匹配规则

语法规则
官方文档

常用修饰符说明:

修饰符功能
=精确匹配
~正则表达式模式匹配,区分大小写
~*正则表达式模式匹配,不区分大小写
^~前缀匹配,类似于无修饰符的行为,也是以指定模块开始,不同的是,如果模式匹配,那么就停止搜索其他模式了,不支持正则表达式
@定义命名location区段,这些区段客户端不能访问,只可以由内部产生的请求来访问,如try_files或error_page等

没有修饰符表示必须以指定模式开始,如:

server {
  server_name www.idfsoft.com;
  location /abc {
    ......
  }
}

那么如下内容就可正确匹配:

http://www.idfsoft.com/abc
http://www.idfsoft.com/abc?p1=11&p2=22
http://www.idfsoft.com/abc/
=:表示必须与指定的模式精确匹配,如:

server {
  server_name www.idfsoft.com;
  location = /abc {
    ......
  }
}

那么如下内容就可正确匹配:

  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc?p1=11&p2=22

如下内容则无法匹配:

  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc/
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc/abcde

~:表示指定的正则表达式要区分大小写,如:

server {
  server_name www.idfsoft.com;
  location ~ ^/abc$ {
  ......
  }
}

那么如下内容就可正确匹配:

  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc?p1=11&p2=22

如下内容则无法匹配:

  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc/
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/ABC
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abcde

~*:表示指定的正则表达式不区分大小写,如:

server {
  server_name www.idfsoft.com;
  location ~* ^/abc$ {
    ......
  }
}

那么如下内容就可正确匹配:

  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc?p1=11&p2=22
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/ABC

如下内容则无法匹配:

  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abc/
  • http://www.idfsoft.com/abcde

~:类似于无修饰符的行为,也是以指定模式开始,不同的是,如果模式匹配,则停止搜索其他模式

查找顺序和优先级:由高到底依次为

  1. 带有=的精确匹配优先
  2. 正则表达式按照他们在配置文件中定义的顺序
  3. 带有^~修饰符的,开头匹配
  4. 带有或*修饰符的,如果正则表达式与URI匹配
  5. 没有修饰符的精确匹配

匹配实例
安装echo模块

//下载模块
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.61.tar.gz

//解压
[root@localhost ~]#  ls
anaconda-ks.cfg      nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz  v0.61.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf v0.61.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg         nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
echo-nginx-module-0.61  v0.61.tar.gz
nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

//编译
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]#  cd nginx-1.18.0/
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --add-module=/root/echo-nginx-module-0.61
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# make

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# cd objs/
[root@localhost objs]# ls
addon         nginx              ngx_auto_headers.h  src
autoconf.err  nginx.8            ngx_modules.c
Makefile      ngx_auto_config.h  ngx_modules.o

//备份正在在使用的nginx
[root@localhost objs]# cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /opt/

//替换原来的nginx
[root@localhost objs]# nginx -s stop;cp nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/;nginx 
cp: overwrite ‘/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx’? y

无修饰符

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
//任何未匹配到其它location的请求都会匹配到
        location /abc {
           echo "无修饰符";
        }
    }
    
}

[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc
无修饰符
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/ABc
无修饰符
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/ABc/
无修饰符

= 对普通字符精确匹配

location = /uri   = 开头表示精确匹配,只有完全匹配上才能生效。

location /abc {
   echo "无修饰符";
}
location = /abc {
   echo "精确匹配";
}
 
    }
 
   
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc
精确匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc/
无修饰符
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc/abcc
无修饰符
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc?a=1\$b=2
精确匹配

^~ 匹配字符串开头

location ^~ /abc {
   echo "匹配开头";
}
    }

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abcdee
匹配开头
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc
匹配开头
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc/
匹配开头

~ 区分大小写的匹配

location ~ /abc/ {
   echo "区分大小写的匹配";
}
 
    }

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/ABC/
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.18.0</center>
</body>
</html>

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc/
区分大小写的匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc/ABC
区分大小写的匹配

~* 不区分大小写的匹配

location ~* ^/abc$ {
               echo "不区分大小写的匹配";

        }


[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abc
不区分大小写的匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/ABC
不区分大小写的匹配
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.152.136/abcdee
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.18.0</center>
</body>
</html>

访问控制

用于location段

allow:设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问,多个参数间用空格隔开
deny:设定禁止哪台或哪些主机访问,多个参数间用空格隔开

示例:

allow 192.168.1.1/32 172.16.0.0/16;
deny all;

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值