SaltStack之配置管理

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-03 08:48:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-03 08:48:47 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/EucalyptusA/article/details/108074503

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SaltStack之配置管理

1. YAML语言
YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
用 # 表示注释
YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
...

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

需要注意：
base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

2. 用SaltStack配置一个nginx实例
2.1 在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/nginx
[root@master base]# tree web
web
└── nginx

1 directory, 0 files

[root@master base]# cd web/nginx/
[root@master nginx]# touch nginx.sls
[root@master nginx]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 247 8月  17 20:36 nginx.sls
[root@master nginx]# cat nginx.sls 
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nainx


// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面

[root@master ~]# ls /srv/salt/base/web/nginx/
nginx.sls

//执行状态描述文件
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' state.sls web.nginx.nginx saltenv=base
minion:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 22:01:39.359415
    Duration: 26451.423 ms
     Changes:
              ----------
              centos-indexhtml:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      7-9.el7.centos
                  old:
  ...省略...
             nginx-mod-stream:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.16.1-1.el7
                  old:

Summary for 192.168.152.168
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     
Total run time:  23.220 s

3. top file
3.1 top file介绍
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
web
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:   //要执行状态文件的环境
  'minion':     //要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.apache.apache   //要执行的状态文件


//停止minion的httpd
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate
master:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
minion:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 20:03:41.543406
    Duration: 2369.267 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is running
     Started: 20:03:43.914117
    Duration: 6379.735 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:   8.749 s
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

//查看minion的httpd状态
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2020-08-18 20:03:50 PDT; 8min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 123926 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 125041 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
    Tasks: 6
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─125041 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─125240 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─125241 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─125242 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─125243 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─125244 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

8月 18 20:03:44 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
8月 18 20:03:49 minion httpd[125041]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualifie...ssage
8月 18 20:03:50 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

注意：

若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

3.2高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 二 2020-08-18 20:12:51 PDT; 10s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 5219 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 125041 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 125041 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"

8月 18 20:03:44 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
8月 18 20:03:49 minion httpd[125041]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualifie...ssage
8月 18 20:03:50 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
8月 18 20:12:50 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
8月 18 20:12:51 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.



//在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' state.highstate test=True
minion:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 20:15:09.183083
    Duration: 2990.095 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: None
     Comment: Service httpd is set to start
     Started: 20:15:12.176415
    Duration: 108.873 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:   3.099 s



//在minion上查看httpd是否启动
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 二 2020-08-18 20:12:51 PDT; 4min 16s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 5219 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 125041 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 125041 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"

8月 18 20:03:44 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
8月 18 20:03:49 minion httpd[125041]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualifie...ssage
8月 18 20:03:50 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
8月 18 20:12:50 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
8月 18 20:12:51 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

//由此可见高级状态并没有执行，因为httpd并没有启动

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SaltStack之配置管理

SaltStack之配置管理1. YAML语言YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。YAML语言的格式如下：house: family: name: Doe parents: - John - Jane children: - Paul - Mark
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