SaltStack配置管理

SaltStack配置管理

YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

``YAML`语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

• 使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
• 当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
• 用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
• 用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

在master里查看

[root@server1 ~]# cat  /etc/salt/master
......

# file_roots:
#   base:
#     - /srv/salt/
#   dev:
#     - /srv/salt/dev/services
#     - /srv/salt/dev/states
#   prod:
#     - /srv/salt/prod/services
#     - /srv/salt/prod/states
#
#file_roots:
#  base:
#    - /srv/salt
#
......

base 基础环境

test 测试环境

dev 开发环境

prod 生产环境

这个格式看起来有点别扭那我写个简单易懂的

[root@server1 ~]# vim  /etc/salt/master
.....
# file_roots:
#   base:
#     - /srv/salt/
#   dev:
#     - /srv/salt/dev/services
#     - /srv/salt/dev/states
#   prod:
#     - /srv/salt/prod/services
#     - /srv/salt/prod/states
#
#file_roots:
#  base:
#    - /srv/salt

file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod

在指定位置创建目录

[root@server1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@server1 ~]# ls /srv/salt
base  dev  prod  test

[root@server1 ~]# tree /srv/
/srv/
`-- salt
    |-- base
    |-- dev
    |-- prod
    `-- test

重启服务

[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

需要注意：

• base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

用SaltStack配置一个apache实例

创建目录

[root@server1 ~]# cd  /srv/salt/base/
[root@server1 base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@server1 base]# tree /srv/
/srv/
`-- salt
    |-- base
    |   `-- web
    |       `-- apache
    |-- dev
    |-- prod
    `-- test

创建一个.sls文件

[root@server1 base]# vim   web/apache/install.sls

apache-install:     # ID
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

apache-service:       # ID 
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: true


// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面

在node1上执行

[root@server1 base]# salt node1 cmd.run 'ss -antl'
node1:
    State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                  [::]:*
//可以看到没有安装apache

[root@server1 base]# salt 'node1' state.sls web.apache.install
node1:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
     Started: 16:42:09.093303
    Duration: 12864.293 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              apr:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.3-11.el8
                  old:
              apr-util:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-bdb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              apr-util-openssl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.1-6.el8
                  old:
              centos-logos-httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      85.8-1.el8
                  old:
              httpd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              httpd-tools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.4.37-39.module_el8.4.0+950+0577e6ac.1
                  old:
              mailcap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1.48-3.el8
                  old:
              mod_http2:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.15.7-3.module_el8.4.0+778+c970deab
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 16:42:21.976233
    Duration: 440.687 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  13.305 s

[root@server1 base]# salt 'node1' cmd.run 'ss -antl'
node1:
    State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port        Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22               0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0         128                      *:80                     *:*       
    LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                  [::]:*
[root@server1 base]# 

#可以看到node1上的80端口起来了

[root@server1 base]# salt 'node1' cmd.run 'systemctl status httpd'
node1:
    * httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 16:42:22 CST; 4min 23s ago
         Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
     Main PID: 195440 (httpd)
       Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
        Tasks: 213 (limit: 11301)
       Memory: 34.5M
       CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
               |-195440 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               |-195446 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               |-195447 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               |-195448 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               `-195449 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
    
    Nov 02 16:42:22 node1 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
    Nov 02 16:42:22 node1 httpd[195440]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::22a0:ac79:2d1a:18b7. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
    Nov 02 16:42:22 node1 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
    Nov 02 16:42:22 node1 httpd[195440]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

//执行状态描述文件
[root@server1 base]# salt 'node1' state.sls web.apache.install  saltenv=base
node1:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 16:54:03.747509
    Duration: 434.448 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: The service httpd is already running
     Started: 16:54:04.184003
    Duration: 69.084 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 503.532 ms

top file

top file介绍

直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

编写一个top.sls文件

#创建目录和文件
[root@server1 ~]# tree /srv/
[root@server1 ~]# tree /srv/
/srv/
`-- salt
    |-- base
    |   |-- top.sls
    |   `-- web
    |       |-- apache
    |       |   `-- install.sls
    |       `-- nginx
    |           `-- install.sls
    |-- dev
    |-- prod
    `-- test


#编写文件
[root@server1 ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/web/nginx/install.sls 
apache-install:     
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

apache-service:       
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: true


#编写top.sls文件
[root@server1 base]# vim  top.sls 
base:
  node1:
    - web.apache.install
  node2:
    - web.nginx.install


#先ping一下
[root@server1 ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node1
node2
node3
server1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
[root@server1 ~]# salt  '*'  test.ping
node2:
    True
server1:
    True
node1:
    True
node3:
    True

#执行
[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' state.highstate //使用高级状态来执行
node3:
----------                  #可以看到node3和server1上没有执行  node1和node2上执行了
          ID: states
    Function: no.None    
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for node3
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
server1:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for server1
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
node1:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 17:40:37.152724
    Duration: 355.933 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is running
     Started: 17:40:37.510352
    Duration: 190.735 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              httpd:
                  True

Summary for node1
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 546.668 ms
node2:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
     Started: 17:40:37.294972
    Duration: 29310.584 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              dejavu-fonts-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
              dejavu-sans-fonts:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.35-7.el8
                  old:
              fontconfig:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.13.1-3.el8
                  old:
              fontpackages-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.44-22.el8
                  old:
              gd:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.2.5-7.el8
                  old:
              jbigkit-libs:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.1-14.el8
                  old:
              libX11:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.8-4.el8
                  old:
              libX11-common:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.6.8-4.el8
                  old:
              libXau:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.9-3.el8
                  old:
              libXpm:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.5.12-8.el8
                  old:
              libjpeg-turbo:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.5.3-10.el8
                  old:
              libtiff:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.0.9-18.el8
                  old:
              libwebp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.0.0-3.el8_4
                  old:
              libxcb:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.13.1-1.el8
                  old:
              nginx:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-all-modules:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-filesystem:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-image-filter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-perl:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-mail:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              nginx-mod-stream:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
                  old:
              perl-Carp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.42-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Data-Dumper:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.167-399.el8
                  old:
              perl-Digest:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.17-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Digest-MD5:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.55-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Encode:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:2.97-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Errno:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.28-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-Exporter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      5.72-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-File-Path:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.15-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-File-Temp:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.230.600-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-Getopt-Long:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:2.50-4.el8
                  old:
              perl-HTTP-Tiny:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.074-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-IO:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.38-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-IO-Socket-IP:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      0.39-5.el8
                  old:
              perl-IO-Socket-SSL:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2.066-4.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3
                  old:
              perl-MIME-Base64:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.15-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Mozilla-CA:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      20160104-7.module_el8.3.0+416+dee7bcef
                  old:
              perl-Net-SSLeay:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.88-1.module_el8.3.0+410+ff426aa3
                  old:
              perl-PathTools:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.74-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Escapes:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.07-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Perldoc:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.28-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Simple:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:3.35-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Pod-Usage:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:1.69-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Scalar-List-Utils:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3:1.49-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-Socket:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:2.027-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Storable:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:3.11-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Term-ANSIColor:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.06-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-Term-Cap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.17-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Text-ParseWords:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.30-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      2013.0523-395.el8
                  old:
              perl-Time-Local:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:1.280-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-URI:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.73-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-Unicode-Normalize:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.25-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-constant:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.33-396.el8
                  old:
              perl-interpreter:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-libnet:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      3.11-3.el8
                  old:
              perl-libs:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-macros:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4:5.26.3-419.el8_4.1
                  old:
              perl-parent:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:0.237-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-podlators:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      4.11-1.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1:2.21-2.el8
                  old:
              perl-threads-shared:
                  ----------
                  new:
                      1.58-2.el8
                  old:
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx has been enabled, and is running
     Started: 17:41:06.621343
    Duration: 285.209 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

Summary for node2
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  29.596 s
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt '*' state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@server1 ~]# salt '*' state.highstate
//生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。