@property

@property

Python内置的@property装饰器负责把一个方法变成属性调用：

set_score()方法来设置学生成绩，并对score范围进行限制。get_score()方法来获取学生成绩：

class Student(object):
	def get_score(self):
		return self._score
	def set_score(self, value):
		if value < 0 or value > 100:
			raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
		self._score = value

对Student实例进行操作：

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.set_score(90)
>>> s.get_score()
90
>>> s.set_score(9999)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!

将方法变为属性调用：

class Student(object):

    @property
    def score(self):
        return self._score

    @score.setter
    def score(self, value):
        if value < 0 or value > 100:
            raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._score = value

把一个getter方法变成属性，只需要加上@property就可以了，此时，@property本身又创建了另一个装饰器@score.setter，负责把一个setter方法变成属性赋值，于是，我们就拥有一个可控的属性操作：

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.score = 90 # OK，实际转化为s.set_score(90)
>>> s.score # OK，实际转化为s.get_score()
90
>>> s.score = 9999
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!