requests库的了解使用

第一部分	第二部分
基本操作	高级操作
1-9	1-7

基本操作

1.各种请求方式

get、post、put、delete、head、options
网址：http://httpbin.org/get

2.响应请求

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com")  请求百度信息
print(response.status_code)	状态码
print(response.text)		响应内容
print(response.cookies)		登录信息

3.带参数的请求

response = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/get?name=joy&age=22")		
这种写法较为繁琐，可改为使用字典。

4.使用参数字典的请求

data = {'name':'joy',
	'age':'19'}
response = requests.get("www.baidu.com", params=data)
print(response.text)

5.获取解析json数据

import requests	导包
import json
response = requests.get("www.baidu.com")
print(response.json)	效果等同于 print(json.load(response.text))
这样就可以使用字典来取出你需要的数据

6.获取二进制数据

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com")
print(response.content)

7.保存数据

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com")
with open('localtion.html','wb') as f:		b表示二进制数据
	f.write(response.content)
	f.close

8.添加headers伪装

heades = {}
	模拟谷歌：进入浏览器，右键点击检查，进入Network，然后进入Headers，复制其信息
response =requests.get("www.baidu.com", headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)	  状态码200为正常

9.状态码判断

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com")
exit() if not response.status_code == 200 else print("Request Successfuily")

高级操作

1.文件上传

files = {'file':  open('图片二进制信息', 'rb')}
response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post',files=files)
print(response.content)

2.回话维持

s = requests.Session()
s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/number/123123")
response = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")
print(response.text)
可以得到：
	{"cookies": {"number": "123123"}}

3.获取cookies

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com")
for k,v in response.cookies.items():
	print(k + "=" + v)

4.设置代理

proxies = {
	"http": "http://127.0.0.1:3306",
	"http": "http://user:password@127.0.0.1:3306"
}
response = requests.get("www.baidu.com", proxies=proxies)
print(response.status_code)

5.超时设置

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com", timeout=1)
print(response.status_code)

6.认证设置

response = requests.get("www.baidu.com", auth=('root','123456'))
print(response.status_code)

7.异常处理

import requests
from requests.exception import ReadTimeout,ConnectionError,RequestException
try:
	response = requests.get("www.baidu.com", timeout=1)
	print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout:
	print("超时")
except ConnectionError:
	print("网络错误")	
except RequestException:
	print("出错")
先捕获子类异常，再捕获父类异常，可清晰分析错误地方