PAT (Advanced Level) Practice 1091 Acute Stroke（30分）【广度优先搜索】

One important factor to identify acute stroke (急性脑卒中) is the volume of the stroke core. Given the results of image analysis in which the core regions are identified in each MRI slice, your job is to calculate the volume of the stroke core.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 4 positive integers: $M$, $N$, $L$ and $T$, where $M$ and $N$ are the sizes of each slice (i.e. pixels of a slice are in an $M\times N$ matrix, and the maximum resolution is 1286 by 128); $L(\le 60)$ is the number of slices of a brain; and $T$ is the integer threshold (i.e. if the volume of a connected core is less than $T$, then that core must not be counted).

Then $L$ slices are given. Each slice is represented by an $M\times N$ matrix of 0’s and 1’s, where 1 represents a pixel of stroke, and 0 means normal. Since the thickness of a slice is a constant, we only have to count the number of 1’s to obtain the volume. However, there might be several separated core regions in a brain, and only those with their volumes no less than $T$ are counted. Two pixels are connected and hence belong to the same region if they share a common side, as shown by Figure 1 where all the 6 red pixels are connected to the blue one.

Output Specification:

For each case, output in a line the total volume of the stroke core.

Sample Input:

3 4 5 2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0

Sample Output:

26

题意

在一个三维网格中计算规模大于t的染色区域的个数。

思路

bfs

代码

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

int m, n, l, t;  // m，n，l分别是三个维度，t是threshold
int brain[65][130][130];
int steps[6][3] = {{1, 0, 0},  {-1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0},
                   {0, -1, 0}, {0, 0, 1},  {0, 0, -1}};

struct node {
  int x, y, z;
};

bool isValid(node &a) {
  if (a.x < 0 || a.x >= l || a.y < 0 || a.y >= m || a.z < 0 || a.z >= n)
    return false;
  return brain[a.x][a.y][a.z] == 1;
}

int bfs(node start) {
  int cnt = 0;
  queue<node> q;

  q.push(start);
  brain[start.x][start.y][start.z] = 2;  // 2代表被访问过

  while (not q.empty()) {
    node top = q.front();
    q.pop();
    ++cnt;

    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
      node next{top.x + steps[i][0], top.y + steps[i][1], top.z + steps[i][2]};
      if (isValid(next)) {
        q.push(next);
        brain[next.x][next.y][next.z] = 2;
      }
    }
  }

  return cnt;
}

int main() {
  cin >> m >> n >> l >> t;

  for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i)
    for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
      for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) cin >> brain[i][j][k];

  int total = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i)
    for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
      for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k)
        if (brain[i][j][k] == 1) {
          int cnt = bfs({i, j, k});
          if (cnt >= t) total += cnt;
        }

  cout << total;
}