Python单例模式的三种实现方式

from functools import wraps


class Foo1(object):
    """单例模式 1 使用类方法"""

    __instance = None

    @classmethod
    def instance(cls):
        if cls.__instance:
            return cls.__instance

        else:
            obj = cls()
            cls.__instance = obj
            return cls.__instance


def test1():
    obj1 = Foo1.instance()
    obj2 = Foo1.instance()
    # id相同
    print(f'id(obj1)={id(obj1)}/id(obj2)={id(obj2)}')


class Foo2(object):
    """单例模式 2 基于__new__方法实现"""
    __instance = None

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__instance:
            return cls.__instance
        else:
            obj = object.__new__(cls)
            cls.__instance = obj
            return cls.__instance


def test2():
    obj1 = Foo2()
    obj2 = Foo2()
    # id相同
    print(f'id(obj1)={id(obj1)}/id(obj2)={id(obj2)}')


def Singleton(cls):
    _instance = {}

    @wraps(cls)
    def _singleton(*args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in _instance:
            _instance[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return _instance[cls]

    return _singleton


@Singleton
class Foo3(object):
    """单例模式 3 基于装饰器"""
    count = 0

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        cls.count += 1

    def __init__(self):
        pass


def test3():
    obj1 = Foo3()
    obj2 = Foo3()
    # id相同
    print(f'id(obj1)={id(obj1)}/id(obj2)={id(obj2)}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test1()
    test2()
    test3()