SpringBoot
SpringBoot 是 SpringMVC 的升级版,相对于编码、配置、部署和监控方面,会更加简单
微服务
微服务是一个新兴的软件架构,就是把一个大型的单个应用程序和服务拆分为数十个的支持微服务。一个微服务的策略可以让工作变得更为简便,它可扩展单个组件而不是整个的应用程序堆栈,从而满足服务等级协议。
Spring 为 微服务提供了一整套的组件-SpringClound , SpirngBoot 就是该基础。
第一个SpringBoot程序
这里使用的开发软件是IntelliJ Idea
,和Eclipse
差不太多,界面更炫酷,功能更强大;Android Studio
就是基于IntelliJ
开发的,我之前使用过Android Studio
,它俩界面几乎一样。
IntelliJ Idea官网:IntelliJ IDEA: The Capable & Ergonomic Java IDE by JetBrains
配置好 maven, tomcat, jdk 就可以使用了
maven配置的中央仓库阿里云镜像
这个地址下载 jar 包的速度,谁用谁知道!
setting.xml
-
.
-
.
-
<mirrors>
-
<mirror>
-
<id>alimaven</id>
-
<name>aliyun maven</name>
-
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
-
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
-
</mirror>
-
</mirrors>
使用IDEA
创建SpringBoot项目
我的
IDEA
版本:IntelliJ IDEA 2016.3.1
项目结构为:
项目默认的 maven
pom.xml
文件
pom.xml
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
<groupId>com.jxust</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId>
-
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
<packaging>jar</packaging>
-
<name>spirngbootdemo</name>
-
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
-
<parent>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
-
<version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
-
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
-
</parent>
-
<properties>
-
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
-
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
-
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
-
</properties>
-
<dependencies>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-
</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
-
<scope>test</scope>
-
</dependency>
-
</dependencies>
-
<build>
-
<plugins>
-
<plugin>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-
</plugin>
-
</plugins>
-
</build>
-
</project>
运行SpirngbootdemoApplication
的main方法,就能开始运行。
其他启动方式,请看视频教程2小时学会Spring Boot_Spring Boot 入门-慕课网\
控制台输出:
-
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\bin\java" ....
-
. ____ _ __ _ _
-
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
-
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
-
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
-
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
-
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
-
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.4.2.RELEASE)
-
2016-12-16 14:56:52.083 INFO 15872 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
-
2016-12-16 14:56:52.215 INFO 15872 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
-
2016-12-16 14:56:52.255 INFO 15872 --- [ main] com.jxust.SpirngbootdemoApplication : Started SpirngbootdemoApplication in 7.795 seconds (JVM running for 9.177)
从这里可以看到 Tomcat 的端口号,因为还没有自定义Controller,所以还没有视图,下面来创建一个输出
Hello SpringBoot!
的视图。
创建一个HelloController
,位于controller
包下
HelloController.java
-
package com.jxust.controller;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 15:45
-
*/
-
@RestController
-
public class HelloController {
-
@RequestMapping("/hello")
-
public String say(){
-
return "Hello SpringBoot!";
-
}
-
}
@RestController
Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回json
需要@ResponseBody
配合@Controller
,现在一个顶俩
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/hello
就能输出Hello SpringBoot!
这句话。
自定义属性配置
用到的是application.properties
这个文件
配置端口号和访问前缀
application.properties
-
server.port=8081
-
server.context-path=/springboot
除了使用.properties
格式的文件,还可以使用.yml
格式的配置文件(推荐),更加简便 application.yml
把原来的
application.properties
文件删除
注意格式,空格不能少
获取配置文件中的属性值
我们也可以在配置文件中,配置数据,在 Controller 中获取,比如: application.yml
-
server:
-
port: 8081
-
context-path: /springboot
-
name: 小胖
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HelloController 获取配置文件中的值
HelloController.java
-
....
-
@RestController
-
public class HelloController {
-
@Value("${name}")
-
private String name;
-
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
-
public String say(){
-
return name;
-
}
-
}
返回的为name的值
配置文件中值配置方式的多样化
配置文件的值可以是多个,也可以是组合,如:
application.yml
-
name: 小胖
-
age: 22
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或者
application.yml
-
name: 小胖
-
age: 22
-
content: "name: ${name},age: ${age}"
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或者
application.yml
-
server:
-
port: 8081
-
context-path: /springboot
-
person:
-
name: 小胖
-
age: 22
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前两种配置获取值的方式都是一样的,但是对于这种方式,person 有相应的两个属性,需要这样处理
PersonProperties.java
-
package com.jxust;
-
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
-
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 16:34
-
*/
-
@Component
-
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
-
public class PersonProperties {
-
private String name;
-
private Integer age;
-
public String getName() {
-
return name;
-
}
-
public void setName(String name) {
-
this.name = name;
-
}
-
public Integer getAge() {
-
return age;
-
}
-
public void setAge(Integer age) {
-
this.age = age;
-
}
-
}
Alt+insert
快捷键提示生成Getter and Setter
pom.xml
需要加入下面的依赖,处理警告
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
-
<optional>true</optional>
-
</dependency>
HelloController.java
-
package com.jxust.controller;
-
import com.jxust.PersonProperties;
-
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/15 20:55
-
*/
-
@RestController
-
public class HelloController {
-
@Autowired
-
private PersonProperties personProperties;
-
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
-
public String say(){
-
return personProperties.getName()+personProperties.getAge();
-
}
-
}
关于配置文件application.yml
的多套配置
类似 il8n 文件国际化的配置方式
i18n_en_US.properties
和i18n_zh_CN.properties
这样能解决,需要频繁修改配置的尴尬
由application.yml
配置文件决定使用那套配置文件。
application.yml
-
spring:
-
profiles:
-
active: a
application-a.yml
-
server:
-
port: 8081
-
context-path: /springboot
-
person:
-
name: 小雷
-
age: 21
application-b.yml
-
server:
-
port: 8081
-
context-path: /springboot
-
person:
-
name: 小胖
-
age: 22
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SpringBoot增删改查实例
完整的项目结构
Controller的使用
-
@Controller chu处理http请求
-
@RestController Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回json需要@ResponseBody配合@Controller
-
@RequestMapping 配置url映射
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对于 REST 风格的请求
对于 Controller 中的方法上的注解
-
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
-
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.POST)
-
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
-
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
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SpringBoot 对上面的注解进行了简化
-
@GetMapping(value = "/girls")
-
@PostMapping(value = "/girls")
-
@PutMapping(value = "/girls/{id}")
-
@DeleteMapping(value = "/girls/{id}")
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浏览器需要发送不同方式的请求,可以安装HttpRequester插件,火狐浏览器可以直接搜索该组件安装。
spring-data-jpa
JPA
全称Java Persistence API.JPA
通过JDK 5.0
注解或XML
描述对象-关系表的映射关系,并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。
Hibernate3.2+
、TopLink 10.1.3
以及OpenJPA
都提供了JPA的实现。
利用JPA创建MySQL数据库
pom.xml
加入JPA
和MySQL
的依赖
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
-
</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
-
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
-
</dependency>
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配置JPA
和数据库
application.yml
-
spring:
-
profiles:
-
active: a
-
datasource:
-
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
-
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_person
-
username: root
-
password: root
-
jpa:
-
hibernate:
-
ddl-auto: update
-
show-sql: true
格式很重要
需要自己手动去创建 db_person 数据库
创建与数据表对应的实体类Person
Person.java
-
package com.jxust.entity;
-
import javax.persistence.Entity;
-
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
-
import javax.persistence.Id;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 17:56
-
*/
-
@Entity
-
public class Person {
-
@Id
-
@GeneratedValue
-
private Integer id;
-
private String name;
-
private Integer age;
-
//必须要有构造函数
-
public Person() {
-
}
-
public Integer getId() {
-
return id;
-
}
-
public void setId(Integer id) {
-
this.id = id;
-
}
-
public String getName() {
-
return name;
-
}
-
public void setName(String name) {
-
this.name = name;
-
}
-
public Integer getAge() {
-
return age;
-
}
-
public void setAge(Integer age) {
-
this.age = age;
-
}
-
}
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运行项目后,查看数据库,会自动创建表 person
-
mysql> use db_person;
-
Database changed
-
mysql> desc person;
-
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
-
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
-
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
-
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
-
| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
-
| name | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |
-
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
-
3 rows in set (0.09 sec)
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接下来就可以进行person表的增删改查了
创建控制器PersonController.java
首先创建一个接口PersonRepository
,位于dao
包下,PersonController
调用该接口继承自JpaRepository
的方法,来实现和数据库交互
这个
PersonRepository
接口的功能,与SSM框架中 dao 层接口功能有异曲同工之妙;在SSM框架中,Service层通过该接口,间接执行Mybatis数据库映射文件(.xml)里的相应sql语句,执行数据库增删改查的操作。(Mapper自动实现DAO接口)
PersonRepository.java
-
package com.jxust.dao;
-
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
-
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 18:07
-
*/
-
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
-
}
PersonController.java
-
package com.jxust.controller;
-
import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
-
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
-
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
-
import java.util.List;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 18:04
-
*/
-
@RestController
-
public class PersonController {
-
@Autowired
-
PersonRepository personRepository;
-
@GetMapping(value = "/person")
-
private List<Person> personList() {
-
return personRepository.findAll();
-
}
-
}
在数据库中添加两条数据
-
mysql> select * from person;
-
+----+------+--------+
-
| id | age | name |
-
+----+------+--------+
-
| 1 | 23 | 夏洛 |
-
| 2 | 21 | 马冬梅 |
-
+----+------+--------+
-
2 rows in set (0.04 sec)
启动项目执行请求http://localhost:8081/springboot/person
控制台输出的sql语句:
Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_
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其他增删改查的方法
PersonController.java
-
....
-
/**
-
* 添加一个人员
-
*
-
* @param name
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@PostMapping(value = "/person")
-
public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name,
-
@RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
-
Person person = new Person();
-
person.setName(name);
-
person.setAge(age);
-
return personRepository.save(person);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 查询一个人员
-
*
-
* @param id
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
-
public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
-
return personRepository.findOne(id);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 删除一个人员
-
*
-
* @param id
-
*/
-
@DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
-
public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
-
personRepository.delete(id);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 更新一个人员
-
*
-
* @param id
-
* @param name
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
-
public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
-
@RequestParam("name") String name,
-
@RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
-
Person person = new Person();
-
person.setId(id);
-
person.setName(name);
-
person.setAge(age);
-
return personRepository.save(person);
-
}
对应的请求方式为:
-
查询一个用户:
-
添加一个用户
-
删除一个用户(无返回值)
-
更新一个用户
那么根据年龄查询,可不可以呢。答案是此刻还不行
从控制台的语句可以看出,sql 语句都是根据id来查询的
Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.id=?
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根据年龄查询
在PersonRepository
增加一个方法findByAge(Integer age)
-
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
-
/**
-
* 通过年龄来查询
-
* 方法名固定findByAge
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age);
-
}
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在PersonController
中加入相应的查询方法
-
....
-
/**
-
* 通过年龄来查询
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}")
-
public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) {
-
return personRepository.findByAge(age);
-
}
输入请求http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/age/23
,查询年龄为23的人员
控制台输出SQL语句:
Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.age=?
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事务管理
两条 sql 语句同时在一个方法中执行,为了防止一个 sql 语句执行成功而另一个 sql 语句执行失败,引入了事务管理,需要在方法上加 @Transactional
事务注解
事务确保了数据库数据的完整性和一致性
PersonService.java
-
package com.jxust.service;
-
import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
-
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
-
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 19:30
-
*/
-
@Service
-
public class PersonService {
-
@Autowired
-
private PersonRepository personRepository;
-
/**
-
* 事务管理测试
-
* 两条数据同时成功,或者同时不成功
-
* 保证数据库数据的完整性和一致性
-
*/
-
@Transactional
-
public void insertTwo(){
-
Person personA = new Person();
-
personA.setName("秋雅");
-
personA.setAge(19);
-
personRepository.save(personA);
-
System.out.print(1/0);
-
Person personB = new Person();
-
personB.setName("梦特娇");
-
personB.setAge(25);
-
personRepository.save(personB);
-
}
-
}
在PersonController
中测试
-
...
-
@Autowired
-
private PersonService personService;
-
...
-
/**
-
* 事务测试
-
*/
-
@PostMapping("/person/two")
-
public void personTwo(){
-
personService.insertTwo();
-
}
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重新运行项目,执行请求 post方式http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/two
数据库并没有添加第一条数据,说明存在事务管理
完整的PersonController.java
、PersonRepository.java
和pom.xml
PersonController.java
-
package com.jxust.controller;
-
import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
-
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
-
import com.jxust.service.PersonService;
-
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
-
import java.util.List;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 18:04
-
*/
-
@RestController
-
public class PersonController {
-
@Autowired
-
PersonRepository personRepository;
-
@Autowired
-
private PersonService personService;
-
/**
-
* 查询所有人员列表
-
*
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@GetMapping(value = "/person")
-
private List<Person> personList() {
-
return personRepository.findAll();
-
}
-
/**
-
* 添加一个人员
-
*
-
* @param name
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@PostMapping(value = "/person")
-
public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name,
-
@RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
-
Person person = new Person();
-
person.setName(name);
-
person.setAge(age);
-
return personRepository.save(person);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 查询一个人员
-
*
-
* @param id
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
-
public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
-
return personRepository.findOne(id);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 删除一个人员
-
*
-
* @param id
-
*/
-
@DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
-
public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
-
personRepository.delete(id);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 更新一个人员
-
*
-
* @param id
-
* @param name
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
-
public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
-
@RequestParam("name") String name,
-
@RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
-
Person person = new Person();
-
person.setId(id);
-
person.setName(name);
-
person.setAge(age);
-
return personRepository.save(person);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 通过年龄来查询
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
@GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}")
-
public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) {
-
return personRepository.findByAge(age);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 事务测试
-
*/
-
@PostMapping("/person/two")
-
public void personTwo(){
-
personService.insertTwo();
-
}
-
}
PersonRepository.java
-
package com.jxust.dao;
-
import com.jxust.entity.Person;
-
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
-
import java.util.List;
-
/**
-
* Created by Peng
-
* Time: 2016/12/16 18:07
-
*/
-
public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
-
/**
-
* 通过年龄来查询
-
* 方法名固定
-
* @param age
-
* @return
-
*/
-
public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age);
-
}
pom.xml
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-
<groupId>com.jxust</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId>
-
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
<packaging>jar</packaging>
-
<name>spirngbootdemo</name>
-
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
-
<parent>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
-
<version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
-
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
-
</parent>
-
<properties>
-
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
-
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
-
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
-
</properties>
-
<dependencies>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-
</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
-
<scope>test</scope>
-
</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
-
<optional>true</optional>
-
</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
-
</dependency>
-
<dependency>
-
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
-
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
-
</dependency>
-
</dependencies>
-
<build>
-
<plugins>
-
<plugin>
-
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-
</plugin>
-
</plugins>
-
</build>
-
</project>