The Java™ Tutorials — Generics ：Generic Methods 泛型方法

The Java™ Tutorials — Generics ：Generic Methods 泛型方法

原文地址：https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/methods.html

关键点

• 定义格式：private <K,V> boolean compare(Pair<K,V> p1, Pair<K,V> p2)
• 调用格式：Util.compare(p1,p2)

全文翻译

Generic methods are methods that introduce their own type parameters. This is similar to declaring a generic type, but the type parameter’s scope is limited to the method where it is declared. Static and non-static generic methods are allowed, as well as generic class constructors.

泛型方法是指具有自己类型参数的方法。这与声明泛型相似，但是类型参数的有效范围仅局限于方法所定义的地方。静态和非静态泛型方法以及泛型类构造器是合法的。

The syntax for a generic method includes a type parameter, inside angle brackets, and appears before the method’s return type. For static generic methods, the type parameter section must appear before the method’s return type.

泛型方法的语法包括带有尖括号的泛型参数，这个参数的位置在方法返回类型之前。对于静态泛型方法而言，泛型参数部分必须出现在方法返回类型的前面。

The Util class includes a generic method, compare, which compares two Pair objects:

这个Util类包含了一个泛型方法compare，它用于比较两个Pair对象：

public class Util {
    public static <K, V> boolean compare(Pair<K, V> p1, Pair<K, V> p2) {
        return p1.getKey().equals(p2.getKey()) &&
               p1.getValue().equals(p2.getValue());
    }
}

public class Pair<K, V> {

    private K key;
    private V value;

    public Pair(K key, V value) {
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
    }

    public void setKey(K key) { this.key = key; }
    public void setValue(V value) { this.value = value; }
    public K getKey()   { return key; }
    public V getValue() { return value; }
}

The complete syntax for invoking this method would be:

调用此方法的完整语法格式为：

Pair<Integer, String> p1 = new Pair<>(1, "apple");
Pair<Integer, String> p2 = new Pair<>(2, "pear");
boolean same = Util.<Integer, String>compare(p1, p2);

The type has been explicitly provided, as shown in bold. Generally, this can be left out and the compiler will infer the type that is needed:

正如粗体显示的那样，类型以及被显示地提供了。总的来说，可以忽略这项工作，这个编译器将会推断出需要的类型：

Pair<Integer, String> p1 = new Pair<>(1, "apple");
Pair<Integer, String> p2 = new Pair<>(2, "pear");
boolean same = Util.compare(p1, p2);

This feature, known as type inference, allows you to invoke a generic method as an ordinary method, without specifying a type between angle brackets. This topic is further discussed in the following section, Type Inference.

这种特性名为类型推断。它允许你像调用一个常规方法那样调用泛型方法，且不需要再尖括号间指明一个类型。在下面的章节《类型引用》中，我们将对特性做更深刻的讨论。