uva11181 - Probability|Given

链接

https://uva.onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8&page=show_problem&problem=2122

题解

条件概率 P ( A ∣ B ) = P ( A B ) P ( B ) P(A|B)=\frac{P(AB)}{P(B)} P(AB)=P(B)P(AB),其中 P ( A ∣ B ) P(A|B) P(AB)表示 A A A B B B的条件下发生的概率,那也就是说在所有满足条件 B B B的事件中,也满足条件 A A A的事件所占的比例,那也就是 P ( A B ) P ( B ) \frac{P(AB)}{P(B)} P(B)P(AB)
这题就直接爆搜出所有的情况,算一下 P ( A B ) P(AB) P(AB) P ( B ) P(B) P(B)就好了

代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define eps 1e-8
#define maxn 100
#define cl(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x))
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll n, r, s[maxn];
double p[maxn], ans[maxn];
ll read(ll x=0)
{
	ll c, f=1;
	for(c=getchar();!isdigit(c);c=getchar())if(c=='-')f=-f;
	for(;isdigit(c);c=getchar())x=x*10+c-48;
	return f*x;
}
void dfs(ll now, ll cnt, double P)
{
	ll i;
	if(now>n)
	{
		if(cnt!=r)return;
		for(i=1;i<=n;i++)if(s[i]==1)ans[i]+=P;
		ans[0]+=P;
		return;
	}
	if(n-now<r-cnt-1 or cnt>r)return;
	dfs(now+1,cnt,P*(1.0-p[now]));
	s[now]=1;
	dfs(now+1,cnt+1,P*p[now]);
	s[now]=0;
}
int main()
{
	ll i, kase=0;
	while(n=read(), r=read(), n or r)
	{
		for(i=1;i<=n;i++)scanf("%lf",p+i);
		cl(ans);
		dfs(1,0,1.0);
		printf("Case %lld:\n",++kase);
		for(i=1;i<=n;i++)printf("%.6lf\n",ans[i]/ans[0]);
	}
	return 0;
}
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要使用遗传算法求解函数的最小值,可以按照以下步骤进行编写代码: 1. 定义适应度函数:根据给定的函数表达式,计算适应度函数的值。适应度函数的值越小,表示个体的适应度越高。 ```python def fitness_function(x): x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7 = x y = 100 / (abs(x1 + 1) + abs(x2) + abs(x3 - 1) + abs(x4 + 2) + abs(x5 + 3) + abs(x6 - 2) + abs(x7 - 3) + 1) return y ``` 2. 初始化种群:随机生成一组个体作为初始种群。 ```python import random def initialize_population(population_size, chromosome_length): population = [] for _ in range(population_size): individual = [random.uniform(-10, 10) for _ in range(chromosome_length)] population.append(individual) return population ``` 3. 选择操作:使用轮盘赌选择算法,根据个体的适应度选择一部分个体作为下一代的父代。 ```python def selection(population, fitness_values): total_fitness = sum(fitness_values) probabilities = [fitness / total_fitness for fitness in fitness_values] selected_population = [] for _ in range(len(population)): r = random.random() cumulative_probability = 0 for i, probability in enumerate(probabilities): cumulative_probability += probability if r <= cumulative_probability: selected_population.append(population[i]) break return selected_population ``` 4. 交叉操作:使用单点交叉算法,对父代个体进行交叉操作生成子代个体。 ```python def crossover(parent1, parent2): crossover_point = random.randint(1, len(parent1) - 1) child1 = parent1[:crossover_point] + parent2[crossover_point:] child2 = parent2[:crossover_point] + parent1[crossover_point:] return child1, child2 ``` 5. 变异操作:对子代个体进行变异操作,增加种群的多样性。 ```python def mutation(individual, mutation_rate): mutated_individual = individual.copy() for i in range(len(mutated_individual)): if random.random() < mutation_rate: mutated_individual[i] = random.uniform(-10, 10) return mutated_individual ``` 6. 遗传算法主程序:根据上述操作,进行遗传算法的迭代过程。 ```python def genetic_algorithm(population_size, chromosome_length, generations, mutation_rate): population = initialize_population(population_size, chromosome_length) for _ in range(generations): fitness_values = [fitness_function(individual) for individual in population] selected_population = selection(population, fitness_values) new_population = [] while len(new_population) < population_size: parent1 = random.choice(selected_population) parent2 = random.choice(selected_population) child1, child2 = crossover(parent1, parent2) mutated_child1 = mutation(child1, mutation_rate) mutated_child2 = mutation(child2, mutation_rate) new_population.extend([mutated_child1, mutated_child2]) population = new_population best_individual = max(population, key=fitness_function) best_fitness = fitness_function(best_individual) return best_individual, best_fitness ``` 7. 调用遗传算法函数并输出结果。 ```python population_size = 100 chromosome_length = 7 generations = 100 mutation_rate = 0.01 best_individual, best_fitness = genetic_algorithm(population_size, chromosome_length, generations, mutation_rate) print("最优个体:", best_individual) print("最优适应度:", best_fitness) ``` 这样就可以使用遗传算法求解给定函数的最小值了。
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