卖票系统

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

typedef struct _shm
{
	int flag;
	int ticket;
}SHM;

void sellTicket(SHM* pshm)
{
	
	while (1)
	{
		int time = rand() % 10 + 1; 
		usleep(time*100000);
		if (pshm->flag == 1)
		{
			pshm->flag = 0;
			if (pshm->ticket == 0)  // 票卖完
			{
				pshm->flag = 1;
				break;
			}
			
			printf ("卖掉一张票，座位号是 : %d\n", pshm->ticket);
			pshm->ticket--;
			pshm->flag = 1;
		}
	}
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	srand ((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	
	// 1、创建或者获取一个共享内存
	int shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(SHM), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	if (shmid == -1)
	{
		perror ("shmget");
		return -1;
	}
	
	// 2、将共享内存映射到当前的进程空间
	SHM* pshm = (SHM*)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
	if(pshm == (SHM*)-1)
	{
		perror ("shmat");
		return -1;
	}
	
	// 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存进行初始化
	if (argc == 2)
	{
		pshm->flag   = 1;
		pshm->ticket = 100;
	}
	
	// 开始卖票
	sellTicket(pshm);
	
	
	// 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存进行删除
	if (argc == 2)
	{
		shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
	}

	return 0;
}

同时运行几个程序，便是一个卖票系统。

还有一个运用到了信息量的函数：

semaphore.h

#ifndef __SEMAPHORE_H__
#define __SEMAPHORE_H__

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>

union semun 
{
	int              val;    /* Value for SETVAL */
	struct semid_ds *buf;    /* Buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
	unsigned short  *array;  /* Array for GETALL, SETALL */
	struct seminfo  *__buf;  /* Buffer for IPC_INFO
							   (Linux specific) */
};


// 信号量的初始化函数
int sem_init(int sem_id)
{
	union semun sem;
	sem.val = 1;
	int ret = semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem);
	return ret;
}

// 信号量的 P 操作
int sem_p(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem;
	sem.sem_num = 0;
	sem.sem_op  = -1;
	sem.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	int ret = semop(sem_id, &sem,1);
	
	return ret;
}

// 信号量的 v 操作
int sem_v(int sem_id)
{
	struct sembuf sem;
	sem.sem_num = 0;
	sem.sem_op  = 1;
	sem.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	int ret = semop(sem_id, &sem,1);
	
	return ret;
}


// 销毁信号量
int sem_del(int sem_id)
{
	int ret = semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID);
	return ret;
}





#endif // __SEMAPHORE_H__

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "semaphore.h"

typedef struct _shm
{
	int flag;
	int ticket;
}SHM;

void sellTicket(SHM* pshm, int sem_id)
{
	
	while (1)
	{
		int time = rand() % 10 + 1; 
		usleep(time*100000);
		
		// 信号量的P操作
		sem_p (sem_id);

		if (pshm->ticket == 0)  // 票卖完
		{
			sem_v (sem_id);
			break;
		}
			
		printf ("卖掉一张票，座位号是 : %d\n", pshm->ticket);
		pshm->ticket--;
		
		
		sem_v (sem_id);
	}
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	srand ((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	
	// 1、创建或者获取一个共享内存
	int shmid = shmget((key_t)1234, sizeof(SHM), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	if (shmid == -1)
	{
		perror ("shmget");
		return -1;
	}
	
	// 创建一个信号量
	int sem_id = semget((key_t)5678, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
	if (sem_id== -1)
	{
		perror ("semget");
		return -1;
	}	
	
	// 2、将共享内存映射到当前的进程空间
	SHM* pshm = (SHM*)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
	if(pshm == (SHM*)-1)
	{
		perror ("shmat");
		return -1;
	}
	
	// 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存和信号量进行初始化
	if (argc == 2)
	{
		pshm->ticket = 100;
		sem_init(sem_id);
	}
	
	// 开始卖票
	sellTicket(pshm, sem_id);
	
	
	// 如果命令行参数等于2 负责对共享内存和信号量进行删除
	if (argc == 2)
	{
		shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
		sem_del(sem_id);
	}

	return 0;
}