BGP路由聚合实验案例

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-19 19:51:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-19 19:51:19 发布

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分类专栏： BGP 文章标签：网络华为运维 BGP 路由聚合路由器 EBGP

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Fanmeang/article/details/147924774

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上一章已经介绍过BGP路由聚合的原理以及自动聚合和手动聚合的区别,这一章主要来配置两种聚合方式的实验案例,方便大家进一步了解BGP路由聚合。

一、自动聚合

拓扑

基础配置

AR1
system
sysname AR1
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.12.1 24
int l 0
ip add 10.0.1.1 32
int l 1
ip add 10.0.1.2 32
int l 2
ip add 10.0.1.3 32
int l 3
ip add 10.0.1.4 32

AR2
system
sysname AR2
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.12.2 24

BGP配置

AR1
bgp 100
peer 10.0.12.2 as 200

AR2
bgp 200
peer 10.0.12.1 as 100

引入配置

ip ip-prefix jh index 10 permit 10.0.1.1 32
ip ip-prefix jh index 20 permit 10.0.1.2 32
ip ip-prefix jh index 30 permit 10.0.1.3 32
ip ip-prefix jh index 40 permit 10.0.1.4 32
route-policy jh permit node 10 
if-match ip-prefix jh 
q
route-policy jh permit node 20
q
bgp 100
import-route direct route-policy jh

查看BGP邻居状态

[AR1]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.12.1
 Local AS number : 100
 Total number of peers : 1		  Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.12.2       4         200        3        6     0 00:01:56 Established    
   0

[AR2]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.12.2
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 1		  Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.12.1       4         100        6        4     0 00:02:13 Established    
   5

查看BGP路由表项

<AR2>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.12.2 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 5
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.0.1.1/32        10.0.12.1       0                     0      100?
 *>   10.0.1.2/32        10.0.12.1       0                     0      100?
 *>   10.0.1.3/32        10.0.12.1       0                     0      100?
 *>   10.0.1.4/32        10.0.12.1       0                     0      100?

自动路由聚合配置

AR1
bgp 100
summary automatic

查看聚合后的BGP路由表项

<AR2>dis bgp routing-table

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.12.2 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 1
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.0.0.0           10.0.12.1                             0      100?

自动聚合总结:

聚合对象:
- 自动聚合只能够对import引入的路由进行聚合,且聚合后的子网掩码我们无法干涉,聚合后传递给对等体路由时会自动抑制明细路由只传递聚合路由。
属性变化
- Next-hop--谁聚合的变成谁
- Origin--由于只能对引入的路由进行聚合所以这里只可能为?
- AS_Path--清空之前的AS_Path属性重新计算
- 添加Aggregator属性

二、手动聚合

拓扑

这张拓扑当中AR1与AR3分别发布路由到BGP当中,R4将这些路由聚合后在发送给R5。

基础配置

AR1
system
sysname AR1
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.12.1 24
int l 0
ip add 10.0.1.1 32
int l 1
ip add 10.0.1.2 32

AR2
system
sysname AR2
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.12.2 24
int g 0/0/2
ip add 10.0.24.2 24
int g 0/0/1
ip add 10.0.23.2 24

AR3
system
sysname AR3
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.23.3 24
int l 0
ip add 10.0.3.1 32
int l 1
ip add 10.0.3.2 32

AR4
system
sysname AR4
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.24.4 24
int g 0/0/1
ip add 10.0.45.4 24

AR5
system
sysname AR5
int g 0/0/0
ip add 10.0.45.5 24

BGP配置

AR1
bgp 100
peer 10.0.12.2 as 200

AR2
bgp 200
peer 10.0.12.1 as 100
peer 10.0.24.4 as 400
peer 10.0.23.3 as 300

AR3
bgp 300
peer 10.0.23.2 as 200

AR4
bgp 400
peer 10.0.24.2 as 200
peer 10.0.45.5 as 400
peer 10.0.45.5 next-hop-local

AR5
bgp 400
peer 10.0.45.4 as 400

查看BGP邻居状态

[AR1-bgp]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.12.1
 Local AS number : 100
 Total number of peers : 1		  Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.12.2       4         200        2        3     0 00:00:10 Established    
   0

[AR2]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.12.2
 Local AS number : 200
 Total number of peers : 3		  Peers in established state : 3

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.12.1       4         100        2        2     0 00:00:21 Established    
   0
  10.0.23.3       4         300        2        3     0 00:00:14 Established    
   0
  10.0.24.4       4         400        2        3     0 00:00:11 Established    
   0

[AR3]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.23.3
 Local AS number : 300
 Total number of peers : 1		  Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.23.2       4         200        2        2     0 00:00:25 Established    
   0

[AR4]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.24.4
 Local AS number : 400
 Total number of peers : 2		  Peers in established state : 2

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.24.2       4         200        2        2     0 00:00:31 Established    
   0
  10.0.45.5       4         400        2        3     0 00:00:26 Established    
   0

[AR5]dis bgp peer

 BGP local router ID : 10.0.45.5
 Local AS number : 400
 Total number of peers : 1		  Peers in established state : 1

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State Pre
fRcv

  10.0.45.4       4         400        2        2     0 00:00:39 Established    
   0

通告路由

AR1
bgp 100
netw 10.0.1.1 32
netw 10.0.1.2 32

AR3
bgp 300
netw 10.0.3.1 32
netw 10.0.3.2 32

查看BGP路由表项

<AR2>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.12.2 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 5
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.0.1.1/32        10.0.12.1       0                     0      100i
 *>   10.0.1.2/32        10.0.12.1       0                     0      100i
 *>   10.0.3.1/32        10.0.23.3       0                     0      300i
 *>   10.0.3.2/32        10.0.23.3       0                     0      300i

<AR4>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.24.4 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 5
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.0.1.1/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 100i
 *>   10.0.1.2/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 100i
 *>   10.0.3.1/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 300i
 *>   10.0.3.2/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 300i

<AR5>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.45.5 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 5
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.0.1.1/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 100i
 *>i  10.0.1.2/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 100i
 *>i  10.0.3.1/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 300i
 *>i  10.0.3.2/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 300i

现在我们在AR4上做手动聚合将AR5上学习到的4条路由信息聚合成一条路由信息。

AR4
bgp 400
aggregate 10.0.0.0 16

查看BGP路由表项

<AR4>dis bgp routing-table

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.24.4 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 5
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>   10.0.0.0/16        127.0.0.1                             0      i
 *>   10.0.1.1/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 100i
 *>   10.0.1.2/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 100i
 *>   10.0.3.1/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 300i
 *>   10.0.3.2/32        10.0.24.2                             0      200 300i

<AR5>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.45.5 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 5
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.0.0.0/16        10.0.45.4                  100        0      i
 *>i  10.0.1.1/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 100i
 *>i  10.0.1.2/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 100i
 *>i  10.0.3.1/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 300i
 *>i  10.0.3.2/32        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 300i

可以看到手动聚合方式不会自动抑制明细路由,这样通过最长路由匹配原则就选不到聚合路由,聚合的意义就消失了,当然我们也可以收到抑制

AR4
bgp 400
aggregate 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 detail-suppressed

查看BGP路由表项

<AR5>dis bgp routing-table 

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.45.5 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 2
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.0.0.0/16        10.0.45.4                  100        0      i

为什么手动聚合方式默认不抑制明细路由呢?主要还是防环,因为聚合后的路由AS_Path属性是重新就算的,就可能形成环路。当然我们也可以配置抑制明细路由且继承AS_Path属性。

AR4
bgp 400
aggregate 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 detail-suppressed as-set

查看BGP路由表项

<AR5>dis bgp routing-table

 BGP Local router ID is 10.0.45.5 
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete


 Total Number of Routes: 1
      Network            NextHop        MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn

 *>i  10.0.0.0/16        10.0.45.4                  100        0      200 {300 1
00}i

手动聚合总结:

聚合对象
- 不管是引入的还是通告或是学习到的路由只要存在BGP路由表项中就可以聚合,且不会自动抑制明细路由,管理员可以配置成无类的路由。
属性变化
- Next-hop--谁聚合的变成谁
- Origin--继承所有路由当中优先级最差的那个,例:聚合路由当中全是I则聚合后的也是I,聚合路由当中全是?则聚合后的也是?,聚合路由当中既有I又有?则聚合后的是?
- AS_Path--默认情况下和自动聚合一致重新计算,也可以配置相关命令使其携带继续计算。

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