The Template Method Pattern defines the skeleton of an algorithm in a method, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure.
一. 基本的 Template Method Pattern 示例:
二. Template Method Pattern with hook 示例 :
三. Hook 示例:
四. 使用 Hook :
Template Method Pattern 概要:
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A "template method" defines the steps of an algorithm, deferring to subclasses for the implementation of those steps.
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The Template Method gives up an important technique for code reuse.
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The template method's abstract class may define concrete classes, abstract classes and hooks.
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Abstract methods are implemented by subclasses.
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Hooks are methods that do nothing or default behavior in the abstract classes, but may be overridden in the subclass.
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To prevent subclasses from changing the algorithm in the template method, declare the template method as final.
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The Hollywood Principle guides us to put decision-making in high-level modules that can decide how and when to call low-level modules.
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You'll see lots of uses of the Template Method Pattern in real world code, but don't expect it all (like any pattern) to be designed "by the book".
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The strategy and Template Method Patterns both encapsulate algorithms, one by inheritance and one by composition.
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The Factory Method pattern is a specialization of Template Method.
摘自 Head First Design Patterns, O' REILLY