Python之值得学习练手的22个迷你程序(附代码)

① 前言

• Python 丰富的开发生态是它的一大优势，各种第三方库、框架和代码，都是前人造好的“轮子”，能够完成很多操作，让开发事半功倍。
• 本文分享 22 个通过 Python 构建的项目，以此来学习 Python 编程，这些例子都很简单实用，非常适合初学者用来练习。大家也可尝试根据项目的目的及提示，自己构建解决方法，提高编程水平。

② 骰子模拟器

• 目的：创建一个程序来模拟掷骰子。
• 提示：当用户询问时，使用 random 模块生成一个 1 到 6 之间的数字。

import random;
while int(input('Press 1 to roll the dice or Ѳ to exit:ln')): print(random.randint(1,6))
Press 1 to roll the diceor 0 to exit
1
4

③ 石头剪刀布游戏

• 目标：创建一个命令行游戏，游戏者可以在石头、剪刀和布之间进行选择，与计算机 PK。如果游戏者赢了，得分就会添加，直到结束游戏时，最终的分数会展示给游戏者。
• 提示：接收游戏者的选择，并且与计算机的选择进行比较，计算机的选择是从选择列表中随机选取的，如果游戏者获胜，则增加 1 分。

import random
choices = ["Rock", "Paper", "Scissors"]
computer = random.choice(choices)
player = False
cpu_score = 0
player_score = 0
while True:
    player = input("Rock, Paper or  Scissors?").capitalize()
    # 判断游戏者和电脑的选择
    if player == computer:
        print("Tie!")
    elif player == "Rock":
        if computer == "Paper":
            print("You lose!", computer, "covers", player)
            cpu_score+=1
        else:
            print("You win!", player, "smashes", computer)
            player_score+=1
    elif player == "Paper":
        if computer == "Scissors":
            print("You lose!", computer, "cut", player)
            cpu_score+=1
        else:
            print("You win!", player, "covers", computer)
            player_score+=1
    elif player == "Scissors":
        if computer == "Rock":
            print("You lose...", computer, "smashes", player)
            cpu_score+=1
        else:
            print("You win!", player, "cut", computer)
            player_score+=1
    elif player=='E':
        print("Final Scores:")
        print(f"CPU:{cpu_score}")
        print(f"Plaer:{player_score}")
        break
    else:
        print("That's not a valid play. Check your spelling!")
    computer = random.choice(choices)

④ 随机密码生成器

• 目标：创建一个程序，可指定密码长度，生成一串随机密码。
• 提示：创建一个数字+大写字母+小写字母+特殊字符的字符串，根据设定的密码长度随机生成一串密码。

import random
passlen = int(input("enter the length of password"))
s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01234567890ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!a#$%&*()?" 
p = "".join(random.sample(s,passlen))
print(p)
-------------------------------------------------
enter the length of password
6
Za1gB0

⑤ 句子生成器

• 目的：通过用户提供的输入，来生成随机且唯一的句子。
• 提示：以用户输入的名词、代词、形容词等作为输入，然后将所有数据添加到句子中，并将其组合返回。

color = input("Enter a color: ")
pluralNoun = input("Enter a plural noun: " )
celebrity = input("Enter a celebrity: " )
print("Roses are", color)
print(pluralNoun + " are blue")
print("I love"，celebrity)
--------------------------------------------
Red
Teeth
RDJ
Roses are red. teeth are blue. I Love RDJ

⑥ 猜数字游戏

• 目的：在这个游戏中，任务是创建一个脚本，能够在一个范围内生成一个随机数。如果用户在三次机会中猜对了数字，那么用户赢得游戏，否则用户输。
• 提示：生成一个随机数，然后使用循环给用户三次猜测机会，根据用户的猜测打印最终的结果。

import random
number = random.randint(1,10)
for i in range(ѳ,3):
	user = int(input("guess the number"))
	if user = number:
		print("Hurray!!")
		print("you guessed the number right it's [number]")
		break
	elif user>number :
		print("Your guess is too high")
	elif user<number :
		print("Your guess is too low.")
else:
	print("Nice Try!, but the number is number]")

⑦ 故事生成器

• 目的：每次用户运行程序时，都会生成一个随机的故事。
• 提示：random 模块可以用来选择故事的随机部分，内容来自每个列表里。

import random
when = ['A few years ago', 'Yesterday', 'Last night', 'A long time ago','On 20th Jan']
who = ['a rabbit', 'an e lephant', 'a mouse', 'a turtle', 'a cat']
name =['Ali', 'Miriam', 'daniel', 'Hoouk', 'Starwalker']
residence = ['Barcelona', 'India', 'Germany', 'Venice', 'England']
went = ['cinema', 'university', 'seminar', 'school', 'laundry']
happened = ['made a lot of friends', 'Eats a burger', 'found a secret key', 'solved a mistery', 'wrote a book']
print(random.choice(when) + ',' + random.choice(who) + ' that lived in' + random.choice( residence) + ',went to the' + random.choice(went) + ' and ' + random.choice(happened)) 
----------------------OUTPUT-----------------------------------
A long time ago, a cat that lived in England, went to the seminar and solved a mistery

⑧ 邮件地址切片器

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，可以从邮件地址中获取用户名和域名。
• 提示：使用 @ 作为分隔符，将地址分为分为两个字符串。

# Get the user's email address 
email = input("what is your email address 7: ").strip() 
# slice out the user name
user_name = email[:email.index("@")]
# Slice out the domain name
domain_name = email[:email. index("a")+1:] 
# Format message 
res = f"Your username is' user name]' and your domain name is '{domain name}'"
# Display the result message
print(res)
-----------------------OUTPUT-----------------------------
what is your email address?: karl31@gmail. com
Your username is "karl31" and your domain name is "gmail.com"

⑨ 自动发送邮件

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，可以使用这个脚本发送电子邮件。
• 提示：email 库可用于发送电子邮件。

import smtplib 
from email.message import EmailMessage
email = EmailMessage() ## Creating a object for EmailMessage
email['from'] = 'xyz name'   ## Person who is sending
email['to'] = 'xyz id'       ## Whom we are sending
email['subject'] = 'xyz subject'  ## Subject of email
email.set_content("Xyz content of email") ## content of email
with smtlib.SMTP(host='smtp.gmail.com',port=587)as smtp:     
## sending request to server 
    smtp.ehlo()          ## server object
smtp.starttls()      ## used to send data between server and client
smtp.login("email_id","Password") ## login id and password of gmail
smtp.send_message(email)   ## Sending email
print("email send")    ## Printing success message

⑩ 缩写词

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，从给定的句子生成一个缩写词。
• 提示：可以通过拆分和索引来获取第一个单词，然后将其组合。

⑪ 文字冒险游戏

• 目的：编写一个有趣的 Python 脚本，通过为路径选择不同的选项让用户进行有趣的冒险。

⑫ Hangman

• 目的：创建一个简单的命令行 hangman 游戏。
• 提示：创建一个密码词的列表并随机选择一个单词。现在将每个单词用下划线“”表示，给用户提供猜单词的机会，如果用户猜对了单词，则将“”用单词替换。

import time
import random
name = input("What is your name? ")
print ("Hello, " + name, "Time to play hangman!")
time.sleep(1)
print ("Start guessing...\n")
time.sleep(0.5)
## A List Of Secret Words
words = ['python','programming','treasure','creative','medium','horror']
word = random.choice(words)
guesses = ''
turns = 5
while turns > 0:         
    failed = 0             
    for char in word:      
        if char in guesses:    
            print (char,end="")    
        else:
            print ("_",end=""),     
            failed += 1    
    if failed == 0:        
        print ("\nYou won") 
        break              
    guess = input("\nguess a character:") 
    guesses += guess                    
    if guess not in word:  
        turns -= 1        
        print("\nWrong")    
        print("\nYou have", + turns, 'more guesses') 
        if turns == 0:           
            print ("\nYou Lose") 

⑬ 闹钟

• 目的：编写一个创建闹钟的 Python 脚本。
• 提示：可以使用 date-time 模块创建闹钟，以及 playsound 库播放声音。

from datetime import datetime   
from playsound import playsound
alarm_time = input("Enter the time of alarm to be set:HH:MM:SS\n")
alarm_hour = alarm_time[0:2]
alarm_minute = alarm_time[3:5]
alarm_seconds = alarm_time[6:8]
alarm_period = alarm_time[9:11].upper()
print("Setting up alarm..")
while True:
    now = datetime.now()
    current_hour = now.strftime("%I")
    current_minute = now.strftime("%M")
    current_seconds = now.strftime("%S")
    current_period = now.strftime("%p")
    if(alarm_period == current_period):
        if(alarm_hour == current_hour):
            if(alarm_minute == current_minute):
                if(alarm_seconds == current_seconds):
                    print("Wake Up!")
                    playsound('audio.mp3') ## download the alarm sound from link
                    break

⑭ 有声读物

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，用于将 pdf 文件转换为有声读物。
• 提示：借助 pyttsx3 库将文本转换为语音。
• 安装：pyttsx3，PyPDF2。

⑮ 天气应用

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，接收城市名称并使用爬虫获取该城市的天气信息。
• 提示：你可以使用 Beautifulsoup 和 requests 库直接从谷歌主页爬取数据。
• 安装：requests，BeautifulSoup。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}

def weather(city):
    city=city.replace(" ","+")
    res = requests.get(f'https://www.google.com/search?q={city}&oq={city}&aqs=chrome.0.35i39l2j0l4j46j69i60.6128j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8',headers=headers)
    print("Searching in google......\n")
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')   
    location = soup.select('#wob_loc')[0].getText().strip()  
    time = soup.select('#wob_dts')[0].getText().strip()       
    info = soup.select('#wob_dc')[0].getText().strip() 
    weather = soup.select('#wob_tm')[0].getText().strip()
    print(location)
    print(time)
    print(info)
    print(weather+"°C") 

print("enter the city name")
city = input()
city = city + " weather"
weather(city)

⑯ 人脸检测

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，可以检测图像中的人脸，并将所有的人脸保存在一个文件夹中。
• 提示：可以使用 haar 级联分类器对人脸进行检测，它返回的人脸坐标信息，可以保存在一个文件中。
• 安装：OpenCV。
• 下载：haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml。

import cv2
# Load the cascade
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
# Read the input image
img = cv2.imread('images/img0.jpg')
# Convert into grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# Detect faces
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 4)
# Draw rectangle around the faces
for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
    cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
    crop_face = img[y:y + h, x:x + w]  
    cv2.imwrite(str(w) + str(h) + '_faces.jpg', crop_face)
# Display the output
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.imshow("imgcropped",crop_face)
cv2.waitKey()

⑰ 提醒应用

• 目的：创建一个提醒应用程序，在特定的时间提醒你做一些事情(桌面通知)。
• 提示：Time 模块可以用来跟踪提醒时间，toastnotifier 库可以用来显示桌面通知。
• 安装：win10toast。

from win10toast import ToastNotifier
import time
toaster = ToastNotifier()
try:
    print("Title of reminder")
    header = input()
    print("Message of reminder")
    text = input()
    print("In how many minutes?")
    time_min = input()
    time_min=float(time_min)
except:
    header = input("Title of reminder\n")
    text = input("Message of remindar\n")
    time_min=float(input("In how many minutes?\n"))
time_min = time_min * 60
print("Setting up reminder..")
time.sleep(2)
print("all set!")
time.sleep(time_min)
toaster.show_toast(f"{header}",
f"{text}",
duration=10,
threaded=True)
while toaster.notification_active(): time.sleep(0.005)     

⑱ 维基百科文章摘要

• 目的：使用一种简单的方法从用户提供的文章链接中生成摘要。
• 提示：你可以使用爬虫获取文章数据，通过提取生成摘要。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import requests
import heapq
from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize,word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import stopwords

url = str(input("Paste the url"\n"))
num = int(input("Enter the Number of Sentence you want in the summary"))
num = int(num)
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
#url = str(input("Paste the url......."))
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
summary = ""
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser') 
content = soup.findAll("p")
for text in content:
    summary +=text.text 
def clean(text):
    text = re.sub(r"\[[0-9]*\]"," ",text)
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r'\s+'," ",text)
    text = re.sub(r","," ",text)
    return text
summary = clean(summary)

print("Getting the data......\n")


##Tokenixing
sent_tokens = sent_tokenize(summary)

summary = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-z]"," ",summary)
word_tokens = word_tokenize(summary)
## Removing Stop words

word_frequency = {}
stopwords =  set(stopwords.words("english"))

for word in word_tokens:
    if word not in stopwords:
        if word not in word_frequency.keys():
            word_frequency[word]=1
        else:
            word_frequency[word] +=1
maximum_frequency = max(word_frequency.values())
print(maximum_frequency)          
for word in word_frequency.keys():
    word_frequency[word] = (word_frequency[word]/maximum_frequency)
print(word_frequency)
sentences_score = {}
for sentence in sent_tokens:
    for word in word_tokenize(sentence):
        if word in word_frequency.keys():
            if (len(sentence.split(" "))) <30:
                if sentence not in sentences_score.keys():
                    sentences_score[sentence] = word_frequency[word]
                else:
                    sentences_score[sentence] += word_frequency[word]

print(max(sentences_score.values()))
def get_key(val): 
    for key, value in sentences_score.items(): 
        if val == value: 
            return key 
key = get_key(max(sentences_score.values()))
print(key+"\n")
print(sentences_score)
summary = heapq.nlargest(num,sentences_score,key=sentences_score.get)
print(" ".join(summary))
summary = " ".join(summary)

⑲ 获取谷歌搜索结果

• 目的：创建一个脚本，可以根据查询条件从谷歌搜索获取数据。

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 
import requests

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
def google(query):
    query = query.replace(" ","+")
    try:
        url = f'https://www.google.com/search?q={query}&oq={query}&aqs=chrome..69i57j46j69i59j35i39j0j46j0l2.4948j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8'
        res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    except:
        print("Make sure you have a internet connection")
    try:
        try:
            ans = soup.select('.RqBzHd')[0].getText().strip()

        except:
            try:
                title=soup.select('.AZCkJd')[0].getText().strip()
                try:
                    ans=soup.select('.e24Kjd')[0].getText().strip()
                except:
                    ans=""
                ans=f'{title}\n{ans}'

            except:
                try:
                    ans=soup.select('.hgKElc')[0].getText().strip()
                except:
                    ans=soup.select('.kno-rdesc span')[0].getText().strip()

    except:
        ans = "can't find on google"
    return ans

result = google(str(input("Query\n")))
print(result)

⑳ 货币换算器

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，可以将一种货币转换为其他用户选择的货币。
• 提示：使用 Python 中的 API，或者通过 forex-python 模块来获取实时的货币汇率。
• 安装：forex-python。

from forex_python.converter import CurrencyRates
c = CurrencyRates()
amount = int(input(" Enter The Amount You Want To Convert\n"))
from currency = input("Fromn\n").upper()
to_currency = input("To\n").upper()
print(from_currency, "To", to_ currency, amount)
result = c.convert(from currency, to_currency, amount)
print(result)

㉑ 键盘记录器

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，将用户按下的所有键保存在一个文本文件中。
• 提示：pynput 是 Python 中的一个库，用于控制键盘和鼠标的移动，它也可以用于制作键盘记录器。简单地读取用户按下的键，并在一定数量的键后将它们保存在一个文本文件中。

from pynput.keyboard import Key, Controller,Listener
import time
keyboard = Controller()


keys=[]
def on_press(key):
    global keys
    #keys.append(str(key).replace("'",""))
    string = str(key).replace("'","")
    keys.append(string)
    main_string = "".join(keys)
    print(main_string)
    if len(main_string)>15:
      with open('keys.txt', 'a') as f:
          f.write(main_string)   
          keys= []     
def on_release(key):
    if key == Key.esc:
        return False

with listener(on_press=on_press,on_release=on_release) as listener:
    listener.join()

㉒ 文章朗读器

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，自动从提供的链接读取文章。

import pyttsx3
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = str(input("Paste article url\n"))

def content(url):
  res = requests.get(url)
  soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
  articles = []
  for i in range(len(soup.select('.p'))):
    article = soup.select('.p')[i].getText().strip()
    articles.append(article)
    contents = " ".join(articles)
  return contents
engine = pyttsx3.init('sapi5')
voices = engine.getProperty('voices')
engine.setProperty('voice', voices[0].id)

def speak(audio):
  engine.say(audio)
  engine.runAndWait()

contents = content(url)
## print(contents)      ## In case you want to see the content

#engine.save_to_file
#engine.runAndWait() ## In case if you want to save the article as a audio file

㉓ 短网址生成器

• 目的：编写一个 Python 脚本，使用API缩短给定的 URL。

from __future__ import with_statement
import contextlib
try:
    from urllib.parse import urlencode
except ImportError:
    from urllib import urlencode
try:
    from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
    from urllib2 import urlopen
import sys

def make_tiny(url):
    request_url = ('http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?' + 
    urlencode({'url':url}))
    with contextlib.closing(urlopen(request_url)) as response:
        return response.read().decode('utf-8')

def main():
    for tinyurl in map(make_tiny, sys.argv[1:]):
        print(tinyurl)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
-----------------------------OUTPUT------------------------
python url_shortener.py https://www.wikipedia.org/
https://tinyurl.com/buf3qt3

㉔ 总结

• 项目中有些需要适当调整，比如自动发送邮件，可以选择使用QQ邮箱；查询天气信息也可使用国内一些免费的API；维基百科可以对应百度百科；谷歌搜索可以对应百度搜索等。