如何通过Java发送HTTP请求,通俗点讲,如何通过Java(模拟浏览器)发送HTTP请求。
Java有原生的API可用于发送HTTP请求,即java.net.URL、java.net.URLConnection,这些API很好用、很常用,但不够简便;
所以,也流行有许多Java HTTP请求的framework,如,Apache的HttpClient。
运用原生Java Api发送简单的Get请求、Post请求
HTTP请求粗分为两种,一种是GET请求,一种是POST请求。
使用Java发送这两种请求的代码大同小异,只是一些参数设置的不同。步骤如下:
- 通过统一资源定位器(java.net.URL)获取连接器(java.net.URLConnection)
- 设置请求的参数
- 发送请求
- 以输入流的形式获取返回内容
- 关闭输入流
简单的Get请求示例如下:
try {
String url = "https://www.baidu.com/";
URL url = new URL(url);
//得到connection对象。
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
//连接
connection.connect();
InputStream inputStream = null;
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
String tempLine = null;
//得到响应码
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if(responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
//得到响应流
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (inputStreamReader != null) {
inputStreamReader.close();
}
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
}
get请求的使用方法如上。如果需要传递参数,则直接把参数拼接到url后面,其他完全相同,如下:
String url = "https://www.baidu.com/?userName=zhangsan&password=123456";
注意点:
1,url与参数之间用?隔开。
2,键值对中键与值用=连接。
3,两个键值对之间用&连接。
分析:
1, 使用connection.setRequestMethod(“GET”);设置请求方式。
2, 使用connection.connect();连接网络。请求行,请求头的设置必须放在网络连接前。
简单的Post请求示例如下:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class HttpPostRequest {
public static String doPost() throws Exception {
String parameterData = "username=nickhuang;
String body = "{userName:zhangsan,password:123456}";
URL url = new URL(parameterData);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");//设置请求方式为POST
connection.setDoOutput(true);//允许写出
connection.setDoInput(true);//允许读入
connection.setUseCaches(false);//不使用缓存
connection.connect();//连接
//int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
OutputStream outputStream = null;
OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
StringBuffer resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
String tempLine = null;
try {
outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
outputStreamWriter.write(body);
outputStreamWriter.flush();
inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream);
reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
while ((tempLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
resultBuffer.append(tempLine);
}
} finally {
if (outputStreamWriter != null) {
outputStreamWriter.close();
}
if (outputStream != null) {
outputStream.close();
}
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (inputStreamReader != null) {
inputStreamReader.close();
}
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
}
return resultBuffer.toString();
}
}
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");//设置参数类型是json格式
传递json格式的参数与传递键值对参数不同点有两个:
1,传递json格式数据时需要在请求头中设置参数类型是json格式。
2,body是json格式的字符串