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原创数字政府业务学习笔记

之前一直觉得数字政府是一块虚头巴脑的工作。最近结合理论上的学习和业务上的接触，对这块工作有些新的认识。首先数字政府是深化改革的其中一方面，其他的还包括数字经济、数字文化等其他数字化改革跑道。数字政府，顾名思义，就是通过数字化、互联网+赋能政府，简政放权、放管结合，承担其一些职能，帮助其在经济调节、提供公共服务、社会治理上做的更好、更高效。“浙里办”“粤省事”我们都耳熟能详，从“最多跑一次”到“一次都不跑”也成为了朗朗上口的口号。数字政府确实给我们生活地带来了不少改变。

2022-12-12 21:09:57 169 1

原创 Unit 3, Playback Buffer

What is playback buffers?Look at the grey line below: packets that have been buffered but have not yet been played back to the user.Principles of playback buffers每个router都有queueing delay。为什么曲线长这样？因为each packet arrives in first come first serve order.

2020-07-04 19:03:53 376

原创 A tutorial for getting trip information

Following steps are a repeat from the Place Search Tutorial.To get an API key:Visit https://developers.google.com/console and log in with a Google Account.Select one of your existing projects, or...

2020-06-07 16:42:15 158

原创 Unit 3, Packet Switching

lecture 1Why packet switching is chosen for the Internet?Circuit switching, the predecessor of ~Circuit switching is all manually connected. The line is dedicated for the end hosts during the call.Every phone call has its 64Kb/s circuit that it doesn

2020-06-07 14:37:20 356

原创 Unit 3, intro to networking and the Internet

History of networkingEarly information transportation: limited in the information they could carry(fires) or by the speed of delivery (horses, humans, pigeons).Initiating: start of TX(transmission)Protocols的诞生协调两个party之间如何通讯。Protocol的feature在于contro

2020-06-07 14:08:30 136

原创 Unit 2, Transport layer recap

Three widely used transport layers:TCP (reliable bi-directional byte stream), UDP(unreliable delivery of datagrams between applications), ICMP（detect when things go wrong, e.g. ping, traceroute）End-to-end principle: 功能放到断点，giving mild reason and stro

2020-06-07 11:55:25 155

原创 Unit 2, TCP header recap

P35 TCP header recaprefere to the documentation for detailed information. Here is just to walk through the main fields in the standard TCP header.The basic TCP header you see in most conncections is 20 bytes long.每行32bit， 4 octets, 2个字节bytes.← 32

2020-06-06 15:22:36 168

原创 Unit 2, finite state machine

理解FSM的diagram: 圆圈表示状态，Edge中的上方表示event causing state transmission, 下方是action.

2020-06-06 14:01:48 166

原创 Unit 2, Flow control

The finite state machine of “stop and wait”Sliding window可以填充满network pipe的capacity，比如bottleneck为10Mbps (Mega-bits per second), RTT(round trip time)为50ms，那么1s内能发送 1000/50 = 20次 rount trip，10Mbps/20 = 500Kbps, 每个Eternet frame大小为12bits，那么 500/12 ≈ 41 个 fra

2020-06-06 14:00:23 249

原创 Unit 2, Checksum, CRC and MAC

Although Checksums, CRC and MAC can’t guarantee many types of errors, but remember that “guarantee” is a strong statement, while in reality they still have great chance of detecting errors. Moreover, in practice you tend to have multiple layers of error d.

2020-06-04 11:48:52 272

原创 Unit 2, UDP & ICMP & End-to-End Principle

UDP，相比较之下，就非常简单了。Sending self-contained message。UDP与IP干的活非常类似，the unique feature is that it allows the layer to senddata to a specific appliacation. That’s also why it is called, theUser Demultiplexing Protocal1.它自己（UDP peer层内）无法实现missing datare-tra

2020-05-25 22:34:47 209

原创 Unit 2,Transport Layer

In summary, TCP provides in-order, reliable delivery of a stream of bytes between application processes.TCP is a specific example of transportation layer protocols. Otherprotocols include UDP, ICMP and the like.TCP的end-to-end, byte-stream通信是大多数（几乎95%）a

2020-05-25 17:06:39 189

原创 Unit 1, LPM

On each hop of each packet, a router decides which link to forward the packet over.x表示任意一个number, wildcards（百搭牌）。dash(/)后面的数字代表block size，为子网掩码，32-掩码为主机位数。因为子网掩码表示从前往后多少位为1.Longest prefix matchNow, 因为A可以走通either the default or link 3，而link 3 has long

2020-05-19 23:09:31 175

原创 Unit 1, IPv4

IPv4 （Internet Protocol）协议嘛，大家要规定一种语言，这样计算机直接才可以建立有效的通信。32位，有4个八位（octets）, often denoted as a.b.c.d.Netmask，掩码。告诉你这次连接走外网（go through IP）还是内网转发。毕竟一些连接不需要经过router。掩码也是4位octets，in big endian，告诉你前n位IP地址match的话，就属于同一个网络。E.g.,255.255.255.0 = 1111, 1111. 111

2020-05-19 14:54:04 204

原创 Unit 1, Endian

Caution: Different processors layout numbers differently. Byte order，不同处理器的byte排序方式是不同的，有分big endian和little endian。E.g. 在比较network传来的port地址和本地host的port地址时，记得进行byte order转换。Host and network order can be different. Internet protocols decide how the order is.

2020-05-19 14:28:50 335

原创 Unit 1, Encapsulation

Encapsulation unifies layering and packet switching. It is how we take protocal layers and assemble them into packets in a way that’s flwxible and maintains the separation of conerns.Encapsulation is the principle by which you organize information in pac

2020-05-18 18:07:26 259

原创 Unit 1, Layering

Layering分层，抽象。它是一个很重要的概念，在计算机科学的其他领域（通信等）都有应用。Layering has Hierachy.Abstract:为什么叫抽象？将什么东西抽象了？Example: 去订票网站查询机票价格，the platform provides a service layer on top of each airline, abstracting away the details of each airline’s details for you.The separat

2020-05-18 17:19:15 255

原创 Unit 1, Packet switching

Packet switching每一个switch在forward的时候不记录从src到dst的完整route，只从forward table上寻找下一个hop点，并将它和dst地址发给下一个switch。A sequence of packets is defined as a “flow”, e.g. datagrams transported in a voice call. A collection of datagrams that belong to the same end-to-end

2020-05-18 16:48:33 246

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